Rig Veda 10.88.17: Mandala 10, Sukta 88, Mantra 17

Sukta 10.88

Devata: Indra (hymnic context), with reflexive inquiry into yajña-knowledge

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यत्रा वदेते अवरः परश्च यज्ञन्योः कतरो नौ वि वेद । आ शेकुरित्सधमादं सखायो नक्षन्त यज्ञं क इदं वि वोचत् ॥

Transliteration

yátrā vádete ávaraḥ páraś ca yajñanyóḥ kátaro nau ví veda | ā śékúr ít sadhámādaṁ sákhāyo nákṣanta yajñáṁ ká idáṁ ví vocat ||

Translation

എവിടെ അധഃയും പരവും (താഴ്ന്നതും ഉയർന്നതും) ഒരുമിച്ച് വദിക്കുന്നുവോ, അവിടെ യജ്ഞനീയരായ ഇരുവരിൽ ഞങ്ങൾക്കായി യഥാർത്ഥത്തിൽ അറിയുന്നവൻ ആര്? എങ്കിലും സഖാക്കൾ സധമാദം (സഹാനന്ദം) പ്രവേശിക്കാൻ കഴിവുള്ളവർ; അവർ യജ്ഞത്തെ പ്രാപിക്കുന്നു—ഇത് വ്യക്തമായി ആര് പ്രസ്താവിക്കും?

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Word by Word

• यत्र: where
• यत्र: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यत्र (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)

• वदेतॆ: the two speak / would speak
• वदेतॆ: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वद् (वदति)

• अवरः: the lower/younger one
• अवरः: Kartā (one of the two speakers)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: अवर (प्रातिपदिक)

• परः: the further/older one
• परः: Kartā (one of the two speakers)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक)

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• यज्ञन्योः: of the two sacrificial-worthy (ones)
• यज्ञन्योः: Sambandha (genitive relation: ‘of the two’)
• Type: Adjective (genitive dual)
• Root: यज्ञन्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘fit for sacrifice/ritual’)

• कतरः: which (one) of the two
• कतरः: Kartā (of ‘knows’)
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: कतर (प्रातिपदिक; interrogative ‘which of two’)

• नौ: for us two / of us two
• नौ: Sampradāna/Adhikaraṇa (contextual: ‘for us two’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (enclitic pronoun)

• वि: apart, distinctly
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग)

• वेद: knows
• वेद: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √विद् (वेद)

• आ: towards / up to
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग)

• शेकुः: they were able
• शेकुः: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √शक् (शक्नोति)

• इत्: indeed, just
• इत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इत् (निपात)

• सधमादम्: the common feast / shared session (sacrificial gathering)
• सधमादम्: Karma (object of ‘reach/attain’ implied with √शक् + आ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सधमाद (प्रातिपदिक)

• सखायः: companions, friends
• सखायः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सखि (प्रातिपदिक)

• नक्षन्त: they reached / attained
• नक्षन्त: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √नश् (नश्नोति/नक्षति; वैदिक)

• यज्ञम्: the sacrifice
• यज्ञम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)

• कः: who
• कः: Kartā (of ‘spoke’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क (प्रश्न-सर्वनाम)

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karma (object of ‘spoke’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वि: clearly / forth
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग)

• वोचत्: spoke / proclaimed
• वोचत्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् (वक्ति)