Shloka 20

आदित्यहृदयम्

Aditya Hridayam Upadeśa — Agastya’s Instruction to Rāma

Devanagari script

तमोघ्नायहिमघ्नायशत्रुघ्नायामितात्मने ।कृतघ्नघ्नायदेवायज्योतिषांपतयेनमः ।।6.107.20।।

Transliteration

tamoghnāya himaghnāya śatrughnāyāmitātmane |

kṛtaghnaghnāya devāya jyotiṣāṃ pataye namaḥ ||6.107.20||

Translation

തമസ്സിനെ അകറ്റുന്നവനും ശീതത്തെ നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നവനും ശത്രുഘ്നനും അമിതാത്മാവുമായ ദേവനു നമസ്കാരം; കൃതഘ്നതയെ ശിക്ഷിക്കുന്നവനും ജ്യോതിസ്സുകളുടെ അധിപനുമായവനു നമഃ।

Word by Word

• तमोघ्नाय: to the slayer of darkness
• तमोघ्नाय: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तमस् + घ्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (तमसः घ्नः)

• हिमघ्नाय: to the slayer of cold/frost
• हिमघ्नाय: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हिम + घ्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (हिमस्य घ्नः)

• शत्रुघ्नाय: to the slayer of enemies
• शत्रुघ्नाय: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत्रु + घ्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (शत्रोः घ्नः)

• अमितात्मने: to the one of immeasurable self
• अमितात्मने: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमित + आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः (अमितः आत्मा यस्य)

• कृतघ्नघ्नाय: to the slayer of the ungrateful
• कृतघ्नघ्नाय: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृतघ्न + घ्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (कृतघ्नानां घ्नः)

• देवाय: to the god
• देवाय: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी, एकवचन

• ज्योतिषाम्: of luminaries
• ज्योतिषाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्योतिस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन; ‘of lights/luminaries’

• पतये: to the lord
• पतये: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी, एकवचन; सम्प्रदान

• नमः: salutation
• नमः: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; नमस्कारार्थक-निपातः

Context

"You are the dispeller of darkness, dispeller of cold, dispeller of enemies, your extent is immeasurable. You are the destroyer of the ungrateful, the ruler of lights, the Lord of all and namaskar to you.

Characters & Entities

• Agastya
• Rāma
• Sūrya/Āditya

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is the removal of inner darkness (ignorance, despair) and the upholding of moral order—light as a metaphor for truth and right action.

What is the narrative situation?

Agastya continues the hymn, describing Sūrya as the power that removes darkness and supports righteous victory.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Moral clarity (satya-buddhi) and resilience—strength drawn from truth/light rather than rage.