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Shloka 2

दूतधर्म-परामर्शः

Envoy-Immunity and Royal Counsel in Ravana’s Court

वधे तस्य समाज्ञप्ते रावणेन दुरात्मना।निवेदितवतो दौत्यं नानुमेने विभीषणः।।।।

vadhe tasya samājñapte rāvaṇena durātmanā | niveditavato dautyaṁ nānumene vibhīṣaṇaḥ ||

ദുരാത്മാവായ രാവണൻ അവന്റെ വധം ആജ്ഞാപിച്ചപ്പോൾ, ദൗത്യത്തെ അറിയിച്ചിരുന്ന വിഭീഷണൻ അതിന് സമ്മതം നൽകിയില്ല.

vadhein/with regard to the slaying
vadhe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative setting)
TypeNoun
Rootvadha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन
tasyaof him
tasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम
samājñaptewhen (it was) ordered
samājñapte:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण; Locative absolute)
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√jñā (धातु) + क्त (past passive participle)
Formकृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्यय, PPP), सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग; ‘when it was ordered’ (locative absolute with vadhe)
rāvaṇenaby Ravana
rāvaṇena:
Kartr̥-karaṇa (कर्ता-करण/Agent in passive sense)
TypeNoun
Rootrāvaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन
durātmanāby the wicked one
durātmanā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण of rāvaṇena)
TypeAdjective
Rootdur-ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मधारय (दुरात्मा = wicked-minded)
niveditavataḥof the one who had reported
niveditavataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; qualifies dūtasya implied)
TypeAdjective
Rootनि-√vid (धातु) + क्तवत् (past active participle)
Formकृदन्त (क्तवत्), पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘of (him) who had declared/reported’
dautyamthe mission of an envoy
dautyam:
Karma (कर्म/Object of anumene)
TypeNoun
Rootdautya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध/Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)
anumeneapproved/assented
anumene:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Main verb)
TypeVerb
Rootanu-√man (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद
vibhīṣaṇaḥVibhishana
vibhīṣaṇaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootvibhīṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

Vibhishana did not approve of the killing of Hanuman, who had declared that he was an envoy (of Sri Rama) when the wicked Ravana ordered his murder.

R
Rāvaṇa
V
Vibhīṣaṇa
D
dūta (envoy—Hanumān implied)

FAQs

The dharma of diplomacy: once a person has openly declared envoy-status, killing him violates established righteous conduct and undermines truthful communication (satya) between opponents.

Rāvaṇa, enraged, commands Hanumān’s execution; the narration notes Vibhīṣaṇa’s immediate dissent based on dharmic norms.

Vibhīṣaṇa’s adherence to dharma over loyalty to wrongdoing—he refuses to endorse an unjust order.