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Shloka 14

दूतधर्म-परामर्शः

Envoy-Immunity and Royal Counsel in Ravana’s Court

असंशयं शत्रुरयं प्रवृद्धः कृतं ह्यनेनाप्रियमप्रमेयम्।न दूतवध्यां प्रवदन्ति सन्तो दूतस्य दृष्टा बहवो हि दण्डाः।।।।

asaṁśayaṁ śatrur ayaṁ pravṛddhaḥ kṛtaṁ hy anenāpriyam aprameyam |

na dūtavadhyāṁ pravadanti santo dūtasya dṛṣṭā bahavo hi daṇḍāḥ ||

“നിസ്സംശയം ഈ ശത്രു പ്രബലനാണ്; അവൻ അളവറ്റ ദുഃഖകരമായ അപ്രീയകൃത്യം ചെയ്തിട്ടുണ്ട്. എങ്കിലും സജ്ജനർ ദൂതവധം അംഗീകരിക്കുന്നില്ല; ദൂതനു വിധിക്കപ്പെട്ട ശിക്ഷകൾ പലതുമുണ്ട്.”

असंशयम्undoubtedly
असंशयम्:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअ-संशय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय-प्रयोग (adverbial accusative); अर्थे ‘undoubtedly’
शत्रुःenemy
शत्रुः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
अयम्this (one)
अयम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
प्रवृद्धःhas grown strong
प्रवृद्धः:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-वृध् (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (PPP); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘grown/strong’
कृतम्has been done
कृतम्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (PPP); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘has been done’
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्धबोधक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (emphatic particle)
अनेनby him
अनेन:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
अप्रियम्an unpleasant act
अप्रियम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअ-प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कृतम् इत्यस्य विशेष्यभावे (apposition)
अप्रमेयम्immeasurable; incomparable
अप्रमेयम्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-प्रमेय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (apriyam/kṛtam)
not
:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय
दूतवध्याम्(the act of) killing a messenger
दूतवध्याम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootदूत-वध्या (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुषः; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘killing of a messenger’ (object of pravadanti)
प्रवदन्तिapprove/declare
प्रवदन्ति:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-वद् (धातु)
Formलट् (present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
सन्तःthe wise
सन्तः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
दूतस्यof a messenger
दूतस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootदूत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
दृष्टाःare seen (as laid down)
दृष्टाः:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (PPP); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘seen/observed (as prescribed)’
बहवःmany
बहवः:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (daṇḍāḥ)
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्धबोधक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात
दण्डाःpunishments
दण्डाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

This enemy has done a lot of harm, no doubt. Indeed he has done terrible and unpleasant deeds. (Yet) the wise have recommended many alternate punishments, while prohibiting their killing.

V
Vibhīṣaṇa
R
Rāvaṇa
H
Hanumān (as envoy, implied)
D
Dūta (emissary)

FAQs

Dharma sets limits on retribution: even when harmed, a ruler must punish within lawful boundaries; immunity of envoys is upheld while allowing alternate penalties.

Vibhīṣaṇa acknowledges Hanumān’s hostile acts but argues that execution violates established norms regarding messengers.

Fair-mindedness (nyāya-buddhi): recognizing harm yet insisting on proportionate, rule-bound response.