Shloka 58

रामलक्षणवर्णनम्

Description of Rama and Lakshmana; Alliance Narrative to Sita

Devanagari script

ते वयं कार्यनैराश्यात्कालस्यातिक्रमेण च।भयाच्च कपिराजस्य प्राणांस्त्यक्तुं व्यवस्थिताः।।।।

Transliteration

te vayaṃ kāryanairāśyāt kālasyātikrameṇa ca | bhayāc ca kapirājasya prāṇāṃs tyaktuṃ vyavasthitāḥ ||

Translation

അപ്പോൾ ദൗത്യം സാധിക്കാതെയെന്ന നിരാശയും, നിശ്ചിതകാലം കടന്നുപോയതും, വാനരരാജന്റെ ഭയവും മൂലം ഞങ്ങൾ പ്രാണത്യാഗം ചെയ്യുവാൻ തീരുമാനിച്ചു.

Word by Word

• ते: we (those)
• ते: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन (emphatic ‘those/we’)

• वयम्: we
• वयम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• कार्यनैराश्यात्: from despair about the task
• कार्यनैराश्यात्: Hetu (हेतु/कारण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कार्य-नैराश्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative), एकवचन; समासः—कार्ये नैराश्यम् (सप्तमी-तत्पुरुषः)

• कालस्य: of the time (limit)
• कालस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• अतिक्रमेण: by exceeding
• अतिक्रमेण: Hetu (हेतु/कारण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अति-क्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन; ‘by/through transgression’

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चयार्थक-निपात

• भयात्: from fear
• भयात्: Hetu (हेतु/कारण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative), एकवचन

• च: also
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चयार्थक-निपात

• कपिराजस्य: of the monkey-king
• कपिराजस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कपिराज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः—कपीनां राजा (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः)

• प्राणान्: lives
• प्राणान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्राण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• त्यक्तुम्: to give up
• त्यक्तुम्: Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
• Type: Verb
• Root: त्यज् (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (Infinitive), अव्यय; ‘to abandon’

• व्यवस्थिताः: resolved
• व्यवस्थिताः: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + अव + स्था (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (Past Passive Participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘resolved/decided’

Context

"We decided to give up our lives due to disappointment, transgression of the time limit fixed for us and fear of the monkey lord (fear of facing the king without finding you).

Characters & Entities

• Hanuman
• Sugriva (kapirāja)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is accountability to one’s pledged duty and deadline; the verse also warns how fear and despair can distort judgment when duty is not met.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanumān narrates the crisis: the party, believing they had failed and exceeded the time set by Sugrīva, contemplated death.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Moral seriousness (kartavya-bodha): they treat failure of entrusted duty as grave, even though their response is driven by fear.