Shloka 4

षोडशः सर्गः (Sarga 16): Hanumān’s Recognition of Sītā and Renewed Lament

Devanagari script

रामस्य व्यवसायज्ञा लक्ष्मणस्य च धीमतः।नात्यर्थं क्षुभ्यते देवी गङ्गेव जलदागमे।।5.16.4।।

Transliteration

rāmasya vyavasāyajñā lakṣmaṇasya ca dhīmataḥ |

nātyarthaṃ kṣubhyate devī gaṅgevā jaladāgame ||5.16.4||

Translation

ശ്രീരാമന്റെ ദൃഢനിശ്ചയവും ധീമാനായ ലക്ഷ്മണന്റെ പരാക്രമവും അറിഞ്ഞുകൊണ്ട്, ദേവി അത്യധികം വിറയുന്നില്ല—മേഘാഗമനത്തിൽ ഗംഗ അതിയായി കലങ്ങാത്തതുപോലെ.

Word by Word

• मान्या: worthy of respect
• मान्या: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mānya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• गुरु-विनीतस्य: of the well-disciplined (one)
• गुरु-विनीतस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: guru (प्रातिपदिक) + vinīta (नी-धातु, क्त; कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुषभावः; पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; 'गुरुणा विनीतः' (well-trained by elders/teacher)

• लक्ष्मणस्य: of Lakshmana
• लक्ष्मणस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: lakṣmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• गुरु-प्रिया: dear to elders
• गुरु-प्रिया: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: guru (प्रातिपदिक) + priyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमास; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'गुरूणां प्रिया'

• यदि: if
• यदि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Condition)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yadi (अव्यय)
• Form: शर्तवाचक-अव्यय (conditional: if)

• सीता: Sita
• सीता: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sītā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अपि: also/even
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अपि-कार (also/even)

• दुःखार्ता: afflicted by sorrow
• दुःखार्ता: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक) + ārta (ऋ-धातु, क्त; कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमास; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'दुःखेन आर्ता'

• कालः: time
• कालः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• हि: indeed/for
• हि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: हेतौ/निश्चयार्थक-अव्यय (indeed/for)

• दुरतिक्रमः: hard to overcome
• दुरतिक्रमः: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dur (उपसर्ग/प्रातिपदिक) + atikrama (अति-क्रम्-धातु से निष्पन्न प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारयसमास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'दुष्टः/दुर्लभः अतिक्रमः'

Context

"Lord Rama indeed performs a difficult task in surviving without her. That he is not feeling despondent is a wonder.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Lakshmana
• Sita
• Ganga

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here is steadfastness grounded in righteous trust: Sītā endures adversity without losing inner balance because she relies on the righteous strength and resolve of Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanuman observes that Sītā, though imprisoned, is not wholly overwhelmed, sustained by confidence in Rāma’s determination and Lakṣmaṇa’s capability.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sītā’s dhairya (fortitude) and śraddhā (trust) in dharma-protecting allies.