Shloka 18

षोडशः सर्गः (Sarga 16): Hanumān’s Recognition of Sītā and Renewed Lament

Devanagari script

धर्मज्ञस्य कृतज्ञस्य रामस्य विदितात्मनः।इयं सा दयिता भार्या राक्षसीवशमागता।।5.16.18।।

Transliteration

dharmajñasya kṛtajñasya rāmasya viditātmanaḥ | iyaṃ sā dayitā bhāryā rākṣasī-vaśam āgatā ||5.16.18||

Translation

ധർമ്മജ്ഞനും കൃതജ്ഞനും ആത്മവിദനുമായ രാമന്റെ ഈ പ്രിയഭാര്യ തന്നെയാണ്—ഇപ്പോൾ അവൾ രാക്ഷസിമാരുടെ അധീനതയിൽ പതിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു.

Word by Word

• dharmajñasya: of the knower of dharma
• dharmajñasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dharma-jña (प्रातिपदिक; धर्म + ज्ञ)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; विशेषण

• kṛtajñasya: of the grateful
• kṛtajñasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛta-jña (प्रातिपदिक; कृत + ज्ञ)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; विशेषण

• rāmasya: of Rama
• rāmasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• viditātmanaḥ: of the self-knowing
• viditātmanaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vidita-ātman (प्रातिपदिक; विदित + आत्मन्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; विशेषण

• iyam: this (she)
• iyam: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• sā: that (she)
• sā: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• dayitā: beloved
• dayitā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dayitā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण

• bhāryā: wife
• bhāryā: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhāryā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• rākṣasīvaśam: under the control of demonesses
• rākṣasīvaśam: Karma (कर्म/Object of āgatā in sense 'has come under')
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasī-vaśa (प्रातिपदिक; राक्षसी + वश)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• āgatā: has come (into), has fallen
• āgatā: Karta (कर्ता; predicate participle of Sītā)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√gam (धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (PPP), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘come/has fallen into’

Context

"On account of her immense love towards her husband she has given up all kinds of luxuries, not caring for suffering. She was satisfied with fruits and roots in the desolate forest. Engaged in serving her husband, she experienced utmost joy as in her own palace. A lady of golden complexion who had not experienced suffering earlier is subjected to sorrow and is tolerating calamities in this way

Characters & Entities

• Sita
• Rama
• Rakshasis (demonesses)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is defined by character: Rama’s righteousness and gratitude are presented as ethical ideals, and Sita’s identity as his beloved wife underscores the sanctity of marital dharma even amid coercion.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanuman recognizes Sita as Rama’s wife and notes her present condition—guarded and dominated by rākṣasīs in Lanka.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rama’s dharmajñatā (commitment to righteousness) and kṛtajñatā (gratitude), virtues that make him worthy of unwavering loyalty and truthful remembrance.