Rig Veda 1.52.10: Mandala 1, Sukta 52, Mantra 10

Sukta 1.52

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

द्यौश्चिदस्यामवाँ अहेः स्वनादयोयवीद्भियसा वज्र इन्द्र ते । वृत्रस्य यद्बद्बधानस्य रोदसी मदे सुतस्य शवसाभिनच्छिरः ॥

Transliteration

dyáuś cid asyā́ma-vā́n áheḥ svanā́d ayoyavīd bhiyásā vájra indra te | vṛtrásya yád badbadhānásya rodasī máde sutásya śávasā́bhinac chíraḥ ||

Translation

Even heaven, strong, recoiled in fear at the roar of that serpent; so terrible was thy thunderbolt, O Indra. When the two worlds were being bound by Vṛtra, in the ecstasy of the pressed Soma thou didst cleave his head with force.

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Word by Word

• द्यौः: heaven, the sky
• द्यौः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक) < दिव्

• चित्: even, indeed
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (निपात) < चित्

• अस्य: of him/this (of Indra)
• अस्य: —
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• आम्: indeed, surely
• आम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आम् (निपात)

• अवान्: helping, favoring
• अवान्: Kartā (द्यौः… अवान्) / विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अव (प्रातिपदिक) < अव्/अव (to help, protect)

• अहेः: of the serpent (Ahi)
• अहेः: —
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहि (प्रातिपदिक)

• स्वनात्: from the roar/sound
• स्वनात्: Apādāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वन (प्रातिपदिक) < स्वन् (to sound, roar)

• अयवीत्: drove away, warded off
• अयवीत्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: यु/यव् (वैदिक धातु; ‘to drive away, ward off’)

• भियसा: with fear, by terror
• भियसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: भियस् (प्रातिपदिक) < भी (to fear)

• वज्रः: the thunderbolt
• वज्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वज्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• ते: of you, your
• ते: —
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वृत्रस्य: of Vṛtra
• वृत्रस्य: —
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृत्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• यत्: which (deed/that which)
• यत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• बद्बधानस्य: of the smiting/striking one (i.e., of Indra as slayer)
• बद्बधानस्य: —
• Type: Participle/Adjective
• Root: बद्बधान (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) < √बध् (to strike, slay) (वैदिक पुनरुक्त/इंटेन्सिव-भाव)

• रोदसी: the two worlds (heaven and earth)
• रोदसी: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रोदसी (द्विवचन-प्रातिपदिक; द्यावा-पृथिवी)

• मदे: in exhilaration, in the intoxication
• मदे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद (प्रातिपदिक) < मद् (to be exhilarated)

• सुतस्य: of the pressed (Soma)
• सुतस्य: —
• Type: Participle/Noun
• Root: सुत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) < √सु (to press Soma)

• शवसा: with might, by strength
• शवसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: शवस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• अभिनच्छिः: you struck/split (upon)
• अभिनच्छिः: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √नश्/नच्छ् (वैदिक; ‘to pierce/split/strike’), with अभि-

• शिरः: the head
• शिरः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिरस् (प्रातिपदिक)