Shloka 82

Śalya-hatānantarāṇi: Madrarāja-padānugānāṃ praskandana and the Pandava counter-encirclement (शल्यहतानन्तराणि—मद्रराजपदानुगानां प्रस्कन्दनम्)

Devanagari script

ततो दुर्योधनो दृष्टवा भग्नं स्वबलमन्तिकात्‌

Transliteration

tato duryodhano dṛṣṭvā bhagnaṃ svabalam antikāt

Translation

ສັນຈະຍະ ກ່າວວ່າ: ແລ້ວນັ້ນ ດຸຣະໂຢທະນະ ເມື່ອເຫັນໃກ້ໆວ່າກອງທັບຂອງຕົນຖືກທຳລາຍແຕກພ່າຍ ກໍຖືກຄວາມຈິງອັນແຂງກະດ້າງແຫ່ງຄວາມພ່າຍແພ້ກະແທກໃສ່. ຂະນະນັ້ນຊີ້ໃຫ້ເຫັນວ່າ ຄວາມຈອງຫອງ ແລະ ການພຶງພາແຕ່ກຳລັງ ຈະພັງທະລາຍເມື່ອຄວາມທະເຍີທະຍານທີ່ຂັບເຄື່ອນໂດຍອະທັມ ປະສົບກັບຜົນຕາມມາຂອງສົງຄາມ.

Word by Word

• ततः: then; thereupon
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (पञ्चमी-अर्थे: 'from/thereupon')

• दुर्योधनः: Duryodhana
• दुर्योधनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्योधन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (absolutive/gerund): 'having seen'

• भग्नम्: broken; routed
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भग्न (भञ्ज्-धातोः क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (स्वबलम् इति विशेष्यस्य)

• स्वबलम्: his own army/force
• स्वबलम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वबल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• अन्तिकात्: from nearby; from close at hand
• अन्तिकात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्तिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी, एकवचन

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Duryodhana
• Kaurava army (svabala)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Power and pride founded on adharma are unstable: when the moral and strategic foundations erode, even a vast force can collapse suddenly. The verse highlights the ethical lesson that outcomes in war are not secured by numbers alone, but by right conduct, wise leadership, and the cumulative consequences of prior choices.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Duryodhana personally witnesses, from close by, the rout and breaking of his own troops. It marks a turning point of realization and crisis for the Kaurava leader as the battle situation deteriorates.