Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 37

Devanagari script

औरसः क्षेत्रजश्चैव दत्तः कृत्रिम एव च । गूढोत्पन्नोऽपविद्धश्च कानीनश्च सहोढजः

Transliteration

aurasaḥ kṣetrajaścaiva dattaḥ kṛtrima eva ca | gūḍhotpanno'paviddhaśca kānīnaśca sahoḍhajaḥ

Translation

ಪುತ್ರರ ಭೇದಗಳು—ಔರಸ, ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರಜ, ದತ್ತಕ, ಕೃತ್ರಿಮ; ಹಾಗೆಯೇ ಗೂಢೋತ್ಪನ್ನ, ಅಪವಿದ್ಧ, ಕಾನೀನ, ಸಹೋಢಜ—ಎಂದು ಹೇಳಲಾಗಿದೆ.

Word by Word

• aurasaḥ: legitimate (born of the body) son
• aurasaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aurasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन; पुत्र-विशेषः (a type of son)

• kṣetrajaḥ: son begotten on a wife (field-born)
• kṣetrajaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṣetraja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन; पुत्र-विशेषः

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• eva: indeed/just
• eva: Sambandha (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• dattaḥ: adopted/given (son)
• dattaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: datta (कृदन्त; √dā-दा (धातु) + क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; पुत्र-विशेषः

• kṛtrimaḥ: artificial/appointed (son)
• kṛtrimaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṛtrima (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन; पुत्र-विशेषः

• eva: indeed
• eva: Sambandha (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• gūḍhotpannaḥ: secretly born (son)
• gūḍhotpannaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gūḍha (प्रातिपदिक) + utpanna (कृदन्त; √pad- (धातु) + उत्-उपसर्ग + क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन; कर्मधारय-समास (गूढः उत्पन्नः)

• apaviddhaḥ: abandoned/repudiated (son)
• apaviddhaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: apaviddha (कृदन्त; apa-उपसर्ग + √vidh/√vid-? (धातु) + क्त; व्यवहारतः ‘त्यक्त’ अर्थे)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; पुत्र-विशेषः

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• kānīnaḥ: son of an unmarried girl
• kānīnaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kānīna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन; पुत्र-विशेषः

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• sahoḍhajaḥ: son born of a pregnant bride (brought pregnant)
• sahoḍhajaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sahoḍha (प्रातिपदिक) + ja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (सहोढायाः जातः)

Speaker

Unspecified (Nāgarakhaṇḍa narrative voice)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A genealogical teaching: the sage enumerates eight son-types; behind, a symbolic ancestral altar (piṇḍa, darbha, water pot) indicates the ritual stakes of lineage.

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

The verse continues a dharma-based taxonomy of family and inheritance concepts recognized in traditional law and custom.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

No tīrtha is mentioned in this verse.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

It enumerates categories of sonship used for dharmic/social classification.