Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 19

Vyākaraṇa-saṅgraha: Pada–Vibhakti–Kāraka–Lakāra–Samāsa

Devanagari script

त आतेंऽते प्रथमो मध्वः से आथे ध्वे तथोत्तमः । ए वहे मह आदेशा ज्ञेया ह्यन्ये लिङादिषु ॥ १९ ॥

Transliteration

ta āteṃ'te prathamo madhvaḥ se āthe dhve tathottamaḥ | e vahe maha ādeśā jñeyā hyanye liṅādiṣu || 19 ||

Translation

ಪ್ರಥಮ ಗುಂಪಿನಲ್ಲಿ ‘ತ, ಆತೆ, ಂತೆ’; ನಂತರ ‘ಸೆ, ಆಥೆ’, ಮತ್ತು ‘ಧ್ವೇ’ ಉತ್ತಮ. ಹಾಗೆಯೇ ‘ಏ, ವಹೇ, ಮಹ’ ಎಂಬ ಆದೇಶರೂಪಗಳನ್ನು ತಿಳಿಯಬೇಕು; ಲಿಂಗಾದಿ ವಿಷಯಗಳಲ್ಲಿಯೂ ಇತರ ರೂಪಗಳನ್ನೂ ಗ್ರಹಿಸಬೇಕು॥

Word by Word

• त: ‘ta’ (3rd person singular ātmanepada ending)
• त: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
• Form: अव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन

• आते: ‘āte’ (3rd person dual ātmanepada ending)
• आते: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आते (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
• Form: अव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन

• झ: ‘jha’ (3rd person plural ātmanepada ending)
• झ: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: झ (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
• Form: अव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन

• अते: ‘ate’ (3rd person plural/alt. ātmanepada ending in some paradigms; technical)
• अते: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अते (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
• Form: अव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन

• प्रथमः: the first (person)
• प्रथमः: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• मध्यमः: the middle/second (person)
• मध्यमः: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मध्यम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• थास्: ‘thās’ (2nd person singular ātmanepada ending)
• थास्: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: थास् (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
• Form: अव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन

• से: ‘se’ (2nd person singular ātmanepada ending, alt.)
• से: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: से (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
• Form: अव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन

• आथे: ‘āthe’ (2nd person dual ātmanepada ending)
• आथे: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आथे (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
• Form: अव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन

• ध्वे: ‘dhve’ (2nd person plural ātmanepada ending)
• ध्वे: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ध्वे (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
• Form: अव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन

• तथा: thus/likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb), प्रकारार्थक

• उत्तमः: the highest/first (person)
• उत्तमः: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• ए: ‘e’ (1st person singular ātmanepada ending)
• ए: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ए (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
• Form: अव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन

• वहे: ‘vahe’ (1st person dual ātmanepada ending)
• वहे: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वहे (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
• Form: अव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन

• महे: ‘mahe’ (1st person plural ātmanepada ending)
• महे: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महे (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
• Form: अव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन

• आदेशाः: substitute forms
• आदेशाः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आदेश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; ‘substituted forms’

• ज्ञेयाः: are to be known
• ज्ञेयाः: Vidhi (विधि/Predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ज्ञा (धातु) + यत् (कृत्) → ज्ञेय (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भविष्यत्कर्मणि-कर्तरि वा विधेय-भावः; यत्-प्रत्ययान्त (gerundive), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘to be known’

• हि: indeed
• हि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), हेत्वर्थ/निश्चयार्थक

• अन्ये: other
• अन्ये: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘other’ (agreeing with आदेशाः)

• लिङ्-आदिषु: in the liṅ etc. (lakāras)
• लिङ्-आदिषु: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लिङ् (प्रत्यय/लकार-नाम) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक) (समास)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी/निर्देश), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन; ‘in liṅ etc. (moods/tenses)’

Speaker

Sanatkumara (in instruction to Narada on Vedanga/Vyakarana-style technicalities)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

Characters & Entities

• Narada
• Sanatkumara

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It emphasizes that precise knowledge of language—such as endings and substitutions—supports correct understanding and transmission of Dharma and Moksha teachings, preventing distortion of scriptural meaning.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

Indirectly: Bhakti relies on accurate mantra, stotra, and śāstra recitation; this verse highlights the technical foundations (correct forms and markers) that keep devotional practice aligned with authentic Vedic wording.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Vyākaraṇa (grammar): it lists technical verbal endings and ādeśa (substitution) forms, and points to rules connected with liṅga (gender) and related grammatical categories.