Rig Veda 5.5.3 — Mandala 5, Sukta 5, Mantra 3

Sukta 5.5

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition) (RV 5.5)

Devata: Agni (as invoker) bringing Indra

Chandas: Gāyatrī

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

ईळितो अग्न आ वहेन्द्रं चित्रमिह प्रियम् । सुखै रथेभिरूतये ॥

Transliteration

īḷitó agna ā́ vahéndraṃ citrám ihá priyám | sukhái rathebhir ūtáye ||

Translation

O Agni, praised and invoked, bring here Indra, the many-formed and beloved power, upon happy chariots for our help—bring the lord of luminous force into the field of our offering.

Word by Word

• ईळितः: praised; invoked
• ईळितः: सम्बोधन-विशेषण (vocative epithet; functionally qualifies the addressed deity)
• Type: Participle (verbal adjective)
• Root: √ईळ् (īḷ) / √ईड् (īḍ) ‘स्तु/प्रार्थ’ (Vedic: to praise, invoke)

• अग्ने: O Agni
• अग्ने: सम्बोधन (addressed deity)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि- (prātipadika)

• आ: hither; towards (us)
• आ: क्रियाविशेषण (modifies the verb ‘वह’)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (upasarga/particle)

• वह: carry; bring
• वह: क्रिया (main verb); the agent is ‘अग्ने’
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वह् (vah) ‘वहति’ (to carry, convey)

• इन्द्रम्: Indra
• इन्द्रम्: कर्म (object of ‘वह’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र- (prātipadika)

• चित्रम्: bright; wondrous; splendid
• चित्रम्: कर्म-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चित्र- (prātipadika)

• इह: here
• इह: अधिकरण (locative sense: ‘here’)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह (deictic indeclinable)

• प्रियम्: dear; beloved; pleasing
• प्रियम्: कर्म-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रिय- (prātipadika)

• सुखैः: with comforts; pleasantly
• सुखैः: करण (means/instrument; ‘with comforts/pleasant (means)’)
• Type: Noun (instrumental plural; used adverbially)
• Root: सुख- (prātipadika)

• रथेभिः: with chariots
• रथेभिः: करण (means: ‘by/with chariots’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ- (prātipadika)

• ऊतये: for help; for protection
• ऊतये: सम्प्रदान (purpose/beneficiary: ‘for aid’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऊति- (prātipadika) ‘help, aid, protection’