Rig Veda 3.4.9: Mandala 3, Sukta 4, Mantra 9

Sukta 3.4

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (attribution for RV 3.4)

Devata: Tvaṣṭṛ (formative shaper), with the boon of producing a capable ‘vīra’

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

तन्नस्तुरीपमध पोषयित्नु देव त्वष्टर्वि रराणः स्यस्व । यतो वीरः कर्मण्यः सुदक्षो युक्तग्रावा जायते देवकामः ॥

Transliteration

tán nas turī́pam ádha poṣayitnú deva tvaṣṭar ví rarā́ṇaḥ syasva | yáto vīráḥ karmaṇyàḥ su-dákṣo yuktá-grāvā jā́yate devá-kāmaḥ ||

Translation

That swift-impelling increase, O nourishing One—become for us, O divine Tvaṣṭṛ, widely delighting. From you is born the hero fit for works, of good discernment, with the stones yoked (ready for pressing), desiring the gods (the higher powers).

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Word by Word

• तत्: that (boon/thing)
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• नः: of us / for us
• नः: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• तु: indeed, then
• तु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• उरीपम्: protection, shelter (a boon)
• उरीपम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: उरीप (प्रातिपदिक; ‘रक्षा/आश्रय/उपकार’ अर्थे)

• अध: then, thereupon
• अध: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अध

• पोषयित्नु: O nourisher, promoter
• पोषयित्नु: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun (agent) / Epithet
• Root: पोषयित्नु (प्रातिपदिक; पोषयितृ-भावः, ‘पोषक’)

• देव: O god
• देव: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• त्वष्टः: O Tvaṣṭṛ
• त्वष्टः: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun (proper name)
• Root: त्वष्टृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• वि: apart, forth, fully
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: वि

• रराणः: rejoicing, delighting
• रराणः: Kartā
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √रा / √रम् (रराण-; ‘हर्ष/आनन्द’ भावे; परस्मै/आत्मनेपद-परम्परा)

• स्यस्व: be (thou)
• स्यस्व: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस् (भू/अस्)

• यतः: from whom/whence
• यतः: Apādāna
• Type: Indeclinable (relative adverb)
• Root: यतस् (यद्-प्रातिपदिक + तस्)

• वीरः: a hero, man
• वीरः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर (प्रातिपदिक)

• कर्मण्यः: fit for work, effective in action
• कर्मण्यः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कर्मण्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘कर्मणि साधुः/कर्मयोग्यः’)

• सुदक्षः: very skilled, competent
• सुदक्षः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-दक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)

• युक्तग्रावा: having the pressing-stones yoked/ready
• युक्तग्रावा: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: युक्त-ग्रावन् (समास; √युज् + ग्रावन् ‘सोमपेषण-शिला’)

• जायते: is born, arises
• जायते: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जन्

• देवकामः: desiring the gods, god-loving
• देवकामः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective/Noun (compound)
• Root: देव-काम (समास; देव + काम)