Shloka 18

गङ्गाजन्मवर्णनम् / The Origin of the Ganga

Tripathagā Narrative

Devanagari script

ददौ धर्मेण हिमवान् तनयां लोकपावनीम्।स्वच्छन्दपथगां गङ्गां त्रैलोक्यहितकाम्यया।।1.35.18।।

Transliteration

dadau dharmeṇa himavān tanayāṃ lokapāvanīm |

svacchandapathagāṃ gaṅgāṃ trailokyahitakāmyayā || 1.35.18 ||

Translation

ដោយប្រាថ្នាសុខមង្គលដល់ត្រៃលោក ហិមវាន ប្រព្រឹត្តតាមធម៌ បានប្រគល់កូនស្រីរបស់ខ្លួន គង្គា អ្នកបរិសុទ្ធបំផុតសម្រាប់លោកទាំងឡាយ ដែលហូរតាមផ្លូវសេរីរបស់នាង។

Word by Word

• dadau: gave
• dadau: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dā (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• dharmeṇa: in accordance with duty
• dharmeṇa: Hetu (हेतु/Reason)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; ‘according to duty’

• himavān: Himavān
• himavān: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: himavat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• tanayām: (his) daughter
• tanayām: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tanayā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• lokapāvanīm: purifier of the world
• lokapāvanīm: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: loka + pāvanī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: लोकं पावयति इति

• svacchanda-pathagām: moving along her own free course
• svacchanda-pathagām: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: svacchanda + patha + ga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: स्वच्छन्देन पथा गच्छती

• gaṅgām: Gaṅgā
• gaṅgām: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gaṅgā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• trailokya-hita-kāmyayā: with the wish for the welfare of the three worlds
• trailokya-hita-kāmyayā: Hetu (हेतु/Cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tri + loka + hita + kāmyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: त्रैलोक्यस्य हितं (welfare) तस्य काम्या (desire)

Context

O Delight of the Raghus! The other daughter of the mountain Himavan was a maiden whose wealth was tapas. She pursued a vow and observed severe austerities.

Characters & Entities

• Himavān
• Gaṅgā
• trailokya (three worlds)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as lokahita: rightful action is measured by its benefit to the many; Himavān’s gift is framed as service to the three worlds.

What is the narrative situation?

Viśvāmitra narrates how Himavān consented to give Gaṅgā to the gods for a cosmic purpose.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Himavān’s dharmic generosity and public-spiritedness (placing universal welfare above private attachment).