Rig Veda 5.42.3 — Mandala 5, Sukta 42, Mantra 3
Sukta 5.42
Rishi: Atri (Ātreya) (medium certainty)
Devata: Savitṛ (primary); also the awakened Kavi principle
Chandas: Jagatī (probable; verification recommended)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
उदीरय कवितमं कवीनामुनत्तैनमभि मध्वा घृतेन । स नो वसूनि प्रयता हितानि चन्द्राणि देवः सविता सुवाति ॥
Transliteration
udī́raya kavítamaṃ kavīnā́m unáttainam abhí mádhvā ghṛténa | sá no vásūni práyatā hitā́ni candrā́ṇi deváḥ savitā́ suvāti ||
Translation
詩聖たちのうち最も詩見ある者を呼び起こせ。蜜とギー（澄まし酥油）をもって彼に塗油せよ。すると神サヴィトリ（Savitṛ）は、備え整えられ、定め置かれた富を—月のごとく輝く光明の財を—われらのために生み出す。
Word by Word
उदीरयraise up / set in motion / utter
उदीरय:
(predicate; governs object ‘कवितमम्’)
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-ईरय (caus. of √ईर्/√ईर ‘to rise, set in motion’)
कवितमम्the most poet-like / best poet
कवितमम्:
Karma (object of ‘उदीरय’)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootकवि (prātipadika) + तम (superlative)
कवीनाम्of the poets
कवीनाम्:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (genitive relation to ‘कवितमम्’)
TypeNoun
Rootकवि
उनत्तhe moistened / anointed
उनत्त:
(predicate; takes object ‘एनम्’)
TypeVerb
Root√उन्द् (to wet, moisten) [Vedic: ‘to anoint, bedew’]
एनम्him
एनम्:
Karma (object of ‘उनत्त’)
TypePronoun
Rootएतद् (enad-pronoun stem ‘ena-’)
अभिtowards, upon
अभि:
Upasarga/Directional (with ‘उनत्त’)
TypeIndeclinable (preverb/preposition)
Rootअभि
मध्वाwith honey / sweetness (mead)
मध्वा:
Karaṇa (instrument of anointing)
TypeNoun
Rootमधु
घृतेनwith ghee
घृतेन:
Karaṇa (instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootघृत
सःhe
सः:
Kartā (subject of ‘सुवाति’)
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
नःto us
नः:
Sampradāna (recipient)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
वसूनिgoods, riches
वसूनि:
Karma (object of ‘सुवाति’)
TypeNoun
Rootवसु
प्रयताproffered, presented
प्रयता:
Viśeṣaṇa of Karma
TypeAdjective (Kṛdanta)
Rootप्र-√यम् (to stretch forth, offer) → ‘प्रयत’ (ppp/adj. ‘presented, offered, extended’)
हितानिlaid down, established
हितानि:
Viśeṣaṇa of Karma
TypeAdjective (Kṛdanta)
Root√धा (to place) → ‘हित’ (ppp ‘placed, set’)
चन्द्राणिbright, splendid
चन्द्राणि:
Viśeṣaṇa of Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootचन्द्र (adj. ‘shining, bright’)
देवःthe god
देवः:
Apposition to subject ‘सः’ (Kartā)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
सविताSavitar (the Impeller)
सविता:
Apposition to ‘देवः/सः’ (Kartā)
TypeNoun
Rootसवितृ
सुवातिimpels / bestows
सुवाति:
(main predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootसु-√वा (to impel, set in motion, bring forth) [Vedic: ‘to bestow/produce’]
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