Rig Veda 4.53.1 — Mandala 4, Sukta 53, Mantra 1
Sukta 4.53
Devata: Savitṛ (Savitar)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
तद्देवस्य सवितुर्वार्यं महद्वृणीमहे असुरस्य प्रचेतसः । छर्दिर्येन दाशुषे यच्छति त्मना तन्नो महाँ उदयान्देवो अक्तुभिः ॥
Transliteration
tád devásya savitúr vā́ryam mahád vr̥ṇīmahe ásurasya prácetasaḥ | chardír yéna dāśúṣe yácchati tmánā tán no mahā́n úd ayān devó aktúbhiḥ ||
Translation
われらは神サヴィトリ（Savitṛ）の、至上にして慕わしき大いなる威徳を選び取る。彼はアスラ（Asura）、明知の覚者（pracetasaḥ）。その護りの庇護によって、彼は自らの力により、供える者に賜う。願わくは、その偉大なる神が、進みゆく光明とともにわれらのために昇り、われらの存在を目覚めさせよ。
Word by Word
तत्that (that excellent thing)
तत्:
Karma (वृणीमहे इत्यस्य) / (संदर्भतः) विषयः
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
देवस्यof the god
देवस्य:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘सवितुः’ इत्यस्य विशेषण-सम्बन्धः
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
सवितुःof Savitṛ
सवितुः:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — वार्यम् इत्यस्य
TypeNoun
Rootसवितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
वार्यम्the excellent/choice boon
वार्यम्:
Karma (वृणीमहे) — वरणीयम् वस्तु
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootवार्य (प्रातिपदिक; √वृ ‘choose/cover’ से ‘वरणीय/श्रेष्ठ/वरेण्य’)
महत्great
महत्:
Karma-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत् (प्रातिपदिक)
वृणीमहेwe choose / we seek
वृणीमहे:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√वृ (वृणोति ‘choose’)
असुरस्यof the Asura (mighty lord)
असुरस्य:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — प्रचेतसः इत्यस्य
TypeNoun
Rootअसुर (प्रातिपदिक)
प्रचेतसःof the far-seeing/wise one
प्रचेतसः:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) / विशेषण
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootप्र-चेतस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘fore-knowing, wise’)
छर्दिःshelter, protection
छर्दिः:
Kartā (यच्छति इत्यस्य) — ‘आश्रयः’
TypeNoun
Rootछर्दिस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘shelter, protection’)
येनby which
येन:
Karaṇa (यच्छति) — ‘येन (छर्दिषा)’
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
दाशुषेto the worshipper (the one who offers)
दाशुषे:
Sampradāna (यच्छति) — ‘to the worshipper/giver’
TypeNoun
Rootदाशु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘giver/worshipper’, √दाश् ‘to give/offer’)
यच्छतिhe grants / bestows
यच्छति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√यम् (यच्छति ‘to give/grant/extend; restrain’—RV में ‘grant/extend’ प्रायः)
त्मनाby himself / with his own power
त्मना:
Karaṇa (यच्छति) — ‘by his own self/power’
TypeNoun
Rootत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘self, own person/power’)
तत्that
तत्:
Karma (उदयान् इत्यस्य) / विषयः
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
नःfor us / our
नः:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘our/for us’
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
महान्great
महान्:
Kartā-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत् (प्रातिपदिक)
उदयान्rising, ascending
उदयान्:
Kartā-विशेषण
TypeParticiple/Adjective
Rootउद्-√या (उदय ‘rising, ascent’; यहाँ ‘उदयान्’ = उदयन्, वर्तमान कृदन्त/विशेषण ‘rising’)
देवःthe god (Savitṛ)
देवः:
Kartā (अध्याहृत-क्रिया: ‘अस्तु/भवतु/आगच्छतु’)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
अक्तुभिःwith the nights / through the nights
अक्तुभिः:
Karaṇa/सहचर्य (उदयान्/आगमन-भावे) — ‘with/through the nights’
TypeNoun
Rootअक्तु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘night/darkness’; RV में ‘अक्तुभिः’ = ‘with nights’)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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