Rig Veda 4.5.8: Mandala 4, Sukta 5, Mantra 8
Sukta 4.5
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Agni (as revealer/guardian of the hidden step)
Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; verify)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
प्रवाच्यं वचसः किं मे अस्य गुहा हितमुप निणिग्वदन्ति । यदुस्रियाणामप वारिव व्रन्पाति प्रियं रुपो अग्रं पदं वेः ॥
Transliteration
pra-vā́cyaṃ vácasaḥ kíṃ me asyá guhā́ hitám úpa niṇíg vadanti | yád usríyāṇām ápa vā́r iva vrán pā́ti priyáṃ rúpó ágraṃ padáṃ véḥ ||
Translation
語らるべきこのわが言葉とは何であろうか。人々はそれが秘められた洞窟に隠されていると言う。広き空間への門のように傷口が開かれるとき、愛しき形（rūpa）は光線（usríyāṇām）の最初の歩みを守り、視（veḥ）の先頭の座を護持する。
Word by Word
प्रवाच्यम्to be proclaimed; speakable
प्रवाच्यम्:
Karma (to be spoken/declared)
TypeAdjective (gerundive) / verbal adjective
Rootप्र-वच् (वच्) / प्र+वाच्य (कृत्प्रातिपदिक)
वचसःof the speech/utterance
वचसः:
Sambandha (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootवचस् (प्रातिपदिक)
किम्what?
किम्:
Karma (what?)
TypePronoun (interrogative)
Rootकिम् (प्रातिपदिक)
मेto/for me; my
मे:
Sampradāna/Sambandha (to/for me; of me)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
अस्यof this (one/thing)
अस्य:
Sambandha (genitive)
TypePronoun (demonstrative)
Rootइदम्
गुहाsecretly; in concealment
गुहा:
Adhikaraṇa (location/manner)
TypeIndeclinable (adverbial)
Rootगुहा (अव्यय/निपात; also noun 'cave')
हितम्placed; hidden; deposited
हितम्:
Karma/Viśeṣaṇa (that which is placed/hidden)
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootधा → हित (PPP; prātipadika 'हित')
उपnear; towards
उप:
— (upasarga with following verb)
TypePreverb/indeclinable
Rootउप
निणिग्वदन्तिthey speak/utter (in a murmuring/cryptic way)
निणिग्वदन्ति:
Kriyā (main verb)
TypeVerb
Rootवद् (with preverb नि-; stem: निणिग्व- as Vedic present formation)
यत्which; that
यत्:
Karma/Anvaya-link (that which)
TypeRelative pronoun
Rootयद्
उस्रियाणाम्of the bright ones (dawn-cows/rays)
उस्रियाणाम्:
Sambandha (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootउस्रिया (प्रातिपदिक; 'dawn-cows'/rays)
अपaway; forth
अप:
— (upasarga with following form)
TypePreverb/indeclinable
Rootअप
वारिवःwide space; free course; opening
वारिवः:
Karma (object: 'wide space/opening')
TypeNoun
Rootवारिवस् (प्रातिपदिक)
व्रन्(he) opens/makes (a way)
व्रन्:
Kriyā (subordinate verb with यत्)
TypeVerb (finite, archaic Vedic form)
Rootवृ (वृणोति/वृणक्ति) → व्रन् (Vedic injunctive/aorist-like form; also read as 'व्रन्' from √वृ 'to cover/open' in RV usage)
पातिprotects; guards
पाति:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Rootपा (पालने/रक्षणे)
प्रियम्dear; beloved
प्रियम्:
Karma (object of implied/related action; or qualifier of रूपम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
रूपःform; appearance
रूपः:
Kartā (subject, appositional)
TypeNoun
Rootरूप (प्रातिपदिक)
अग्रम्the foremost; the first point
अग्रम्:
Karma (foremost/first as object/goal)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootअग्र (प्रातिपदिक)
पदम्step; track; place
पदम्:
Karma (object)
TypeNoun
Rootपद (प्रातिपदिक)
वेःyou know; you find/seek
वेः:
Kriyā (addressed action: 'you know/find')
TypeVerb (finite, archaic Vedic)
Rootवी (वेति) / or √वय्? (Vedic: वेः as 2nd sg. perfect/aorist-like)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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