Rig Veda 4.20.5: Mandala 4, Sukta 20, Mantra 5
Sukta 4.20
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; verify metrically)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
वि यो ररप्श ऋषिभिर्नवेभिर्वृक्षो न पक्वः सृण्यो न जेता । मर्यो न योषामभि मन्यमानोऽच्छा विवक्मि पुरुहूतमिन्द्रम् ॥
Transliteration
ví yó rarapśa ṛ́ṣibhir návabhir vṛkṣó na pakváḥ sṛ́ṇyo na jetā́ | már yo na yóṣām abhí manyamāno’cchā́ vivakmi puru-hūtám índram ||
Translation
新たなる聖仙（ṛṣi）たちとともに力を広げた彼は、熟して満ちた樹のごとく、勝利を得る投槍のごとし。乙女に向かい燃え立つ若者のように、渇望をもって、我はまっすぐに多く呼び招かれるインドラを呼びかける。
Word by Word
विapart, forth (prefix: intensifies/separates)
वि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि (उपसर्ग) / √विभज् (अर्थ-प्रवृत्तिः)
यःwho
यः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
ररप्शhas grown/has ripened, has developed
ररप्श:
Kartā (क्रियापद)
TypeVerb
Root√रप्/√रभ् (वेद. ‘ररप्श’ = परिपक्व/विकसित-भावे; परस्मैपद-परिपूर्ण/आर्ष-रूप)
ऋषिभिःby/with the seers
ऋषिभिः:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि (प्रातिपदिक)
नवेभिःnew, fresh (i.e., new seers)
नवेभिः:
Karaṇa
TypeAdjective
Rootनव (प्रातिपदिक)
वृक्षःa tree
वृक्षः:
Kartā (उपमा-आधारः)
TypeNoun
Rootवृक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
नlike, as
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
पक्वःripe, matured
पक्वः:
Kartā (उपमा-विधेयः)
TypeAdjective
Root√पच् → पक्व (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
सृण्यःa sharp weapon/spear (lit. ‘the sharp one’)
सृण्यः:
Kartā (उपमा-आधारः)
TypeNoun
Rootसृण्य (प्रातिपदिक; वेद. ‘सृण्य’ = तीक्ष्ण/प्रहरणशील, सम्भवतः ‘भाला/शस्त्र’ अथवा ‘तीक्ष्णः’)
नlike
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
जेताa conqueror, winner
जेता:
Kartā (उपमा-विधेयः)
TypeNoun
Root√जि → जेतृ (प्रातिपदिक; ‘जेता’ = जेतृ-शब्दस्य प्रथमा एकवचनम्)
मर्यःa young man, a suitor
मर्यः:
Kartā (उपमा-आधारः)
TypeNoun
Rootमर्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘युवा/वीर’)
नlike
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
योषाम्a young woman, maiden
योषाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयोषा (प्रातिपदिक)
अभिtowards, upon
अभि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअभि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
मन्यमानःthinking, deeming, being intent
मन्यमानः:
Kartā (यः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeParticiple
Root√मन् (मन्यते) → मन्यमान (शतृ/शानच् कृदन्त)
अच्छाtowards, straight to
अच्छा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअच्छा (अव्यय)
विवक्मिI utter, I proclaim
विवक्मि:
Kartā (अहं) / क्रियापद
TypeVerb
Root√वच् (वक्ति) + वि- (उपसर्ग); वेद. ‘विवक्मि’ = 1sg (इच्छार्थ/प्रवृत्त्यर्थ) ‘I would speak/utter’
पुरुहूतम्much-invoked
पुरुहूतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective (epithet)
Rootपुरुहूत (प्रातिपदिक; पुरु- ‘many’ + हूत ‘invoked/called’)
इन्द्रम्Indra
इन्द्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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