Rig Veda 4.20.4: Mandala 4, Sukta 20, Mantra 4
Sukta 4.20
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; verify metrically)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
उशन्नु षु णः सुमना उपाके सोमस्य नु सुषुतस्य स्वधावः । पा इन्द्र प्रतिभृतस्य मध्वः समन्धसा ममदः पृष्ठ्येन ॥
Transliteration
uśán nu ṣú ṇaḥ su-manā upā́ke sómasya nu su-sútasya svadhāvaḥ | pā́ indra práti-bhṛtasya mádhvaḥ sám andhasā mamadaḥ pṛṣṭhyéna ||
Translation
それを希い求めつつ、いま我らの近くにあって、善き心を我らに向けよ、自らの力を主宰する者よ。インドラよ、捧げられ携え来られた甘蜜（madhu）を飲み、支えの力を具えたソーマの精髄（soma-rasa）によって、ことごとく歓喜せよ。
Word by Word
उशन्desiring, wishing
उशन्:
Kartā
TypeAdjective (present participle)
Rootवश् (इच्छायाम्) / उश् (कामे) → उशन्त्
उindeed, and
उ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउ (निपात)
षुverily, just
षु:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootषु (निपात)
णःof us / to us
णः:
Sampradāna
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (प्रथमपुरुष-बहुवचन सर्वनाम) → नः
सुमनाःkind-minded, gracious
सुमनाः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-मनस् (प्रातिपदिक) → सुमनस्
उपाकेnearby, in proximity
उपाके:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun (locative)
Rootउपाक (प्रातिपदिक) / उप + अञ्च् (निकटे) → ‘near’
सोमस्यof Soma
सोमस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootसोम (प्रातिपदिक)
नुnow, indeed
नु:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु (निपात)
सुषुतस्यwell-pressed
सुषुतस्य:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective (past passive participle used substantively)
Rootसु-षु (धातु: षु/सु ‘to press/express’) → सुषुत (ppp)
स्वधावःO possessor of svadhā (innate power/food-offering)
स्वधावः:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun/Adjective (vocative epithet)
Rootस्वधा-वस् (प्रातिपदिक) / स्वधा (न.) + वस् (possessive) → स्वधावस्
पाdrink!
पा:
—
TypeVerb
Rootपा (पाने)
इन्द्रO Indra
इन्द्र:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
प्रतिभृतस्यof what is brought/presented (to you)
प्रतिभृतस्य:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective (ppp)
Rootप्रति-भृ (धातु: भृ धारणे) → प्रतिभृत (ppp)
मध्वःof the sweet drink (mead/Soma-juice)
मध्वः:
Karma (object of ‘पा’ via genitive of content)
TypeNoun
Rootमधु (प्रातिपदिक)
सम्together, fully
सम्:
—
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootसम् (उपसर्ग/निपात)
अन्धसाwith the Soma-draught
अन्धसा:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootअन्धस् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘Soma-juice, draught’
ममदःhe became exhilarated / rejoiced
ममदः:
Kartā
TypeVerb
Rootमद् (हर्षे/मादने) → ममद (perfect) / injunctive-like RV usage
पृष्ठ्येनwith the back(-support)/with the ‘pṛṣṭhya’ (supporting chant/strength)
पृष्ठ्येन:
Karaṇa
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootपृष्ठ्य (प्रातिपदिक) < पृष्ठ (back) + य (adj.)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
Ask anything about this verse
Answers come straight from the texts, with the shlokas they draw on. Ask in your own words.
Not sure where to start?
A free Google sign-in keeps your chat saved across web and the app.
Read Rig Veda in the Vedapath app
Scan the QR code to open this directly in the app, with word-by-word meanings, Sanskrit recitation where available, and more.