Rig Veda 10.1.1: Mandala 10, Sukta 1, Mantra 1
Sukta 10.1
Rishi: Traditionally: Mādhucchandas or related Angiras line is often associated with early Agni hymns; for RV 10.1, Anukramaṇī traditions typically assign the hymn to a specific rishi-family (needs manuscript-specific confirmation).
Devata: Agni.
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (common for RV 10.1 opening verses; metrical confirmation recommended for digital scansion).
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अग्रे बृहन्नुषसामूर्ध्वो अस्थान्निर्जगन्वान्तमसो ज्योतिषागात् । अग्निर्भानुना रुशता स्वङ्ग आ जातो विश्वा सद्मान्यप्राः ॥
Transliteration
ágre bṛhánn uṣásām ūrdhvó asthān nir-jagánvān támaso jyótiṣā́gāt | agnír bhānúnā rúśatā́ sváṅga ā́ jā́to víśvā́ sádmāny aprāḥ ||
Translation
はじめに、広大なる者は曙光の前にまっすぐ立ち、闇より跳び出でて、光の力によって来た。アグニ（Agni）は輝く光彩をもって、麗しき肢体を備え、生まれ出でて、あらゆる座・住処を満たした。
Word by Word
अग्रेin front; at first
अग्रे:
अधिकारण
TypeIndeclinable (adverbial use of noun)
Rootअग्र (प्रातिपदिक) < PIE *h₂eǵ-ro- ‘front’
बृहन्great, lofty
बृहन्:
कर्तृ (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootबृहन्त् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘great, lofty’
उषसाम्of the dawns
उषसाम्:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootउषस् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘dawn’
ऊर्ध्वःupright; aloft
ऊर्ध्वः:
कर्तृ (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootऊर्ध्व (प्रातिपदिक) ‘upright, aloft’
अस्थान्stood up; arose
अस्थान्:
कर्तृक्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (धातु) ‘to stand’
निःout; forth
निः:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनिः (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
जगन्went; moved
जगन्:
कर्तृक्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु) ‘to go’
अन्तमसःfrom the deepest darkness
अन्तमसः:
अपादान (निर्गमनस्य स्रोतः) / सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun phrase (genitive)
Rootअन्तम (प्रातिपदिक) ‘nearest/innermost’ + तमस् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘darkness’
ज्योतिषाwith light
ज्योतिषा:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootज्योतिस् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘light’
अगात्came; went
अगात्:
कर्तृक्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootगा (धातु) ‘to go/come’
अग्निःAgni (Fire)
अग्निः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक) ‘Agni, fire’
भानुनाwith (his) radiance
भानुना:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootभानु (प्रातिपदिक) ‘beam, radiance’
रुशताbright; gleaming
रुशता:
करण (करणविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootरुशत् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘shining, bright’
स्वङ्गःwell-formed; fair-limbed
स्वङ्गः:
कर्तृ (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक) ‘well-limbed, of good form’
आforth; towards
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
जातःborn; arisen
जातः:
कर्तृ (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeParticiple
Rootजन् (धातु) ‘to be born’
विश्वाall
विश्वा:
कर्म (कर्मविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootविश्व (प्रातिपदिक) ‘all’
सद्मानिdwellings; abodes
सद्मानि:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootसद्मन् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘seat, abode, dwelling’
अप्राःfilled; pervaded
अप्राः:
कर्तृक्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootप्रा/पॄ (धातु) ‘to fill, to pervade, to satisfy’ (+ अ- नकार)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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