Shloka 29

द्विचत्वारिंशः सर्गः (Sarga 42): Omens in Laṅkā, Report to Rāvaṇa, and the Kinkara Assault

Devanagari script

मुद्गरैः पट्टिशैश्शूलैः प्रासतोमरशक्तिभिः।परिवार्य हनूमन्तं सहसा तस्थुरग्रतः।।5.42.29।।

Transliteration

mudgaraiḥ paṭṭiśaiḥ śūlaiḥ prāsatomaraśaktibhiḥ | parivārya hanūmantaṃ sahasā tasthur agrataḥ || 5.42.29 ||

Translation

槌、斧、三叉戟、槍、返しのある投げ矢や投槍を手に、彼らはたちまちハヌマーンを取り囲み、目前に立ちはだかった。

Word by Word

• मुद्गरैः: with hammers/maces
• मुद्गरैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mudgara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural (बहुवचन)

• पट्टिशैः: with axes/spears (paṭṭiśas)
• पट्टिशैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paṭṭiśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural (बहुवचन)

• शूलैः: with tridents/spikes
• शूलैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śūla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural (बहुवचन)

• प्रास-तोमर-शक्तिभिः: with spears, javelins, and lances
• प्रास-तोमर-शक्तिभिः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prāsa (प्रातिपदिक) + tomara (प्रातिपदिक) + śakti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Itaretara-dvandva (इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व) list-compound; Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग) by final member śakti, Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural (बहुवचन)

• परिवार्य: having surrounded
• परिवार्य: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pari-√vṛ (धातु)
• Form: Ktvā-pratyaya (क्त्वा) absolutive/gerund; ‘having surrounded’; indeclinable in use (avyaya-kṛdanta)

• हनूमन्तम्: Hanuman
• हनूमन्तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hanūmant (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• सहसा: suddenly/at once
• सहसा: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sahasā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण अव्यय)

• तस्थुः: they stood
• तस्थुः: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sthā (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ? actually Perfect (Liṭ/लिट्) form ‘tasthuḥ’; Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)

• अग्रतः: in front
• अग्रतः: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: agratas (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (देशवाचक अव्यय)

Context

They quickly surrounded Hanuman and stood with hammers, sharp-edged spears, tridents, barbed missiles and powerful javelins.

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Kiṅkaras
• weapons (mudgara, paṭṭiśa, śūla, prāsa, tomara, śakti)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse highlights the dharmic ideal of steadfastness when encircled by threats: one should not abandon truth and duty merely because intimidation is overwhelming.

What is the narrative situation?

The Kiṅkaras form a tight armed ring around Hanumān, confronting him at close quarters to seize him.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Hanumān’s abhaya (fearlessness) and unwavering commitment to his mission for Rāma and Sītā.