Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 10, Shloka 23

ऋश्यशृङ्ग-आनयनम्

Bringing Ṛśyaśṛṅga to Aṅga and His Marriage to Śāntā

Devanagari script

गतासु तासु सर्वासु काश्यपस्यात्मजो द्विज:।अस्वस्थहृदयश्चासीद्दु:खं स्म परिवर्तते।।।।

Transliteration

gatāsu tāsu sarvāsu kāśyapasyātmajo dvijaḥ |

asvasthahṛdayaś cāsīd duḥkhaṃ sma parivartate ||

Translation

皆が去った後、迦葉波の末裔たる二度生まれの者は、心を乱し、胸の内で悲しみを幾度も巡らせた。

Word by Word

• gatāsu: (when they had) departed
• gatāsu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण) / Locative-absolute frame
• Type: Adjective
• Root: gata (कृदन्त; √gam गम्)
• Form: Saptamī (7th/सप्तमी), Bahuvacana (plural/बहुवचन), Strīliṅga (fem./स्त्रीलिङ्ग); bhūta-kṛdanta (past passive participle/क्त) used adjectivally; locative absolute sense with tāsu sarvāsu

• tāsu: in those (women)
• tāsu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण) / Locative-absolute frame
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Saptamī (7th), Bahuvacana; sarvanāma (pronoun)

• sarvāsu: in all (of them)
• sarvāsu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण) / Locative-absolute frame
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Saptamī (7th), Bahuvacana; viśeṣaṇa of tāsu

• kāśyapasya: of Kaśyapa
• kāśyapasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) / Genitive relation
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāśyapa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th/षष्ठी), Ekavacana; genitive of relation

• ātmajaḥ: son
• ātmajaḥ: Karta (कर्ता) / Subject (with dvijaḥ in apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātma-ja (प्रातिपदिक; आत्मन् + √jan जन्)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st/प्रथमा), Ekavacana; ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa: ātman-aḥ jaḥ = 'born of (him)'

• dvijaḥ: a brahmin
• dvijaḥ: Karta (कर्ता) / Subject (appositional)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvija (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; apposition to ātmajaḥ

• asvastha-hṛdayaḥ: restless-hearted
• asvastha-hṛdayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता) / Predicate qualifier
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-svastha + hṛdaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; karmadhāraya: 'restless (a-svastha) heart (hṛdaya)'; predicate adjective qualifying dvijaḥ

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) / Connector
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-nipāta (conjunction/समुच्चय-निपात)

• āsīt: was
• āsīt: Kriyā (क्रिया) / Main verb
• Type: Verb
• Root: √as (अस्)
• Form: Laṅ-lakāra (imperfect/past/लङ्), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; parasmaipada

• duḥkham: sorrow
• duḥkham: Karma (कर्म) / Object
• Type: Noun
• Root: duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुṃsakaliṅga, Dvitīyā (2nd/द्वितीया), Ekavacana; object of parivartate (idiomatically 'suffered/was tossed by sorrow')

• sma: indeed/then (past marker)
• sma: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) / Discourse particle
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sma (अव्यय)
• Form: Smaraṇa/anuvāda-nipāta (particle indicating past narration/स्म-निपात)

• parivartate: whirled/tormented (him)
• parivartate: Kriyā (क्रिया) / Verbal predicate
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vṛt (वृत्) with pari-
• Form: Laṭ-lakāra (present/लट्) used with sma for past narrative, Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; ātmanepada; 'parivartate' = 'keeps turning/whirling (around him)'

Context

When they all departed, Kasyapa's son, the brahmin roamed (Rsyasringa) with a restless mind charged with sorrow.

Characters & Entities

• Ṛśyaśṛṅga (dvija)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It shows the psychological cost of attachment; dharma in ascetic life requires steadiness of mind, and disturbance indicates the arising of new bonds.

What is the narrative situation?

After the women leave, Ṛśyaśṛṅga feels unsettled and sorrowful, revealing the impact of their encounter.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sensitivity and sincerity—his feelings are genuine, not manipulative.