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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 89, Shloka 20

गङ्गातरणम्

Bharata’s Ferrying of the Army across the Ganga

नावस्त्वारुरुहुश्चान्ये प्लवैस्तेरु स्तथापरे।अन्ये कुम्भघटैस्तेरुरन्येतेरुश्च बाहुभिः।।।।

nāvas tv āruruhuś cānye plavais teru tathāpare | anye kumbhaghaṭais terur anye teruś ca bāhubhiḥ ||

ある者は舟に乗り、ある者は筏で渡り、またある者は大きな壺にすがりつき、さらにある者は自らの腕で泳いで渡った。

नावःboats
नावः:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/locative sense implied with verb of boarding)
TypeNoun
Rootनौ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन
तुbut; indeed
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (contrast/emphasis)
आरुरुहुःboarded; mounted
आरुरुहुः:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootआ-रुह् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम-प्रयोग (pronominal adjective used substantively)
प्लवैःby/with rafts
प्लवैः:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootप्लव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
तेरुःcrossed
तेरुः:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootतॄ (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
तथाthus; in that manner
तथा:
Kriya-vishesana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
अपरेothers
अपरे:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअपर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम-प्रयोग (others)
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
कुम्भघटैःwith pots and jars
कुम्भघटैः:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootकुम्भ (प्रातिपदिक) + घट (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; द्वन्द्व-समास (कुम्भाः च घटाः च)
तेरुःcrossed
तेरुः:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootतॄ (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
तेरुःcrossed
तेरुः:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootतॄ (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)
बाहुभिःwith (their) arms
बाहुभिः:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootबाहु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

O scion of the Kakutstha race (Bharata)! I trust, you and your army passed the night on the river bank comfortably without any inconvenience.

G
Gaṅgā (implied river crossing context)
B
boats

FAQs

Dharma is reflected as perseverance in a righteous mission: people adapt and endure hardship to proceed on a duty-bound journey.

During the Gaṅgā crossing, not everyone finds a boat; the group crosses using various improvised means.

Resourcefulness and determination displayed collectively by the travelers/army.