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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 88, Shloka 18

रामशय्यादर्शनम्

Bharata Beholds Rama’s Forest Bed

Devanagari script

सार्वभौमकुले जात स्सर्वलोकस्य सम्मतः।सर्वलोकप्रियस्त्यक्त्वा राज्यं सुखमनुत्तम्।।।।कथमिन्दीवरश्यामो रक्ताक्षः प्रियदर्शनः।सुखभागी न दुःखार्ह श्शयितो भुवि राघवः।।।।

Transliteration

sārvabhaumakule jātaḥ sarvalokasya sammataḥ |

sarvalokapriyaḥ tyaktvā rājyaṃ sukham anuttam ||

katham indīvaraśyāmo raktākṣaḥ priyadarśanaḥ |

sukhabhāgī na duḥkhārhaḥ śayito bhuvi rāghavaḥ ||

Translation

どうしてラाघヴァが地に伏して眠れよう——皇統の家に生まれ、世のすべてに敬われ、万人に愛されるお方が、無上の安楽と王国を捨て、青蓮のごとく深い色合いに、赤みを帯びた眼をたたえ、見る者に麗しい——本来は幸福にふさわしく、苦しみにふさわしくないのに、なお大地に横たわるとは。

Word by Word
सार्वभौमकुलेin an imperial lineage
सार्वभौमकुले:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootसार्वभौम (प्रातिपदिक) + कुल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुषसमास (determinative: ‘imperial family’), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी विभक्ति, एकवचन
जातःborn
जातः:
विधेय (Predicate participle)
TypeVerb
Rootजन् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP/क्त) but intransitive sense ‘born’, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन
सर्वलोकस्यof all the world
सर्वलोकस्य:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootसर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + लोक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुषसमास (determinative: ‘of all people/world’), पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी विभक्ति, एकवचन
सम्मतःesteemed, approved
सम्मतः:
विधेय (Predicate adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्√मन् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘approved/esteemed’
सर्वलोकप्रियःbeloved of all
सर्वलोकप्रियः:
कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वलोक (प्रातिपदिक) + प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुषसमास (determinative: ‘beloved of all’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन
त्यक्त्वाhaving abandoned
त्यक्त्वा:
पूर्वकाल (Prior action)
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज् (धातु) + त्वा (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (Gerund/Absolutive), ‘having abandoned’
राज्यम्kingdom
राज्यम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन
सुखम्comfort, happiness
सुखम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootसुख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘comforts’
अनुत्तम्unsurpassed
अनुत्तम्:
विशेषण (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण of ‘सुखम्’
कथम्how
कथम्:
प्रश्न (Interrogative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम् (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्नार्थक अव्यय (interrogative adverb: how)
इन्दीवरश्यामःdark like a blue lotus
इन्दीवरश्यामः:
विशेषण (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootइन्दीवर (प्रातिपदिक) + श्याम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारयसमास (descriptive: ‘lotus-blue/dark like a blue lotus’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण of ‘राघवः’
रक्ताक्षःred-eyed
रक्ताक्षः:
विशेषण (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootरक्त (प्रातिपदिक) + अक्षि/अक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारयसमास (descriptive: ‘red-eyed’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण of ‘राघवः’
प्रियदर्शनःpleasing to behold
प्रियदर्शनः:
विशेषण (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रिय (प्रातिपदिक) + दर्शन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारयसमास (descriptive: ‘pleasing in appearance’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण of ‘राघवः’
सुखभागीdeserving/partaking of happiness
सुखभागी:
विशेषण (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootसुख (प्रातिपदिक) + भागिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुषसमास (determinative: ‘partaker of happiness’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण of ‘राघवः’
नnot
न:
निषेध (Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक अव्यय
दुःखार्हःdeserving of suffering
दुःखार्हः:
विशेषण (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःख (प्रातिपदिक) + अर्ह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुषसमास (determinative: ‘worthy of suffering’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; न-निषेधेन सह ‘not deserving’
शयितःslept, lay down
शयितः:
विधेय (Predicate participle)
TypeVerb
Rootशी (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (PPP used in intransitive sense), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘having lain/slept’
भुविon the ground
भुवि:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootभू (प्रातिपदिक: ‘earth’)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी विभक्ति, एकवचन
राघवःRaghava (Rama)
राघवः:
कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootराघव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन
Context

How could such Rama sleep on the ground? He was born in the house of emperors, worthy of reverence by the entire world and beloved of all the worlds, with the complexion of a blue lotus, with red eyes, and pleasing looks, one who deserves to be happy and not to suffer by renouncing the kingdom and excellent comforts.

Characters & Entities
R
Rāma (Rāghava)
K
Kingdom (rājya)

FAQs

Dharma may demand renunciation even from the most deserving: Rāma accepts hardship to uphold truth and rightful order, while Bharata’s lament highlights the cost of unrighteous outcomes.

Bharata contrasts Rāma’s royal worthiness and beloved status with the reality that he sleeps on bare earth in exile.

Rāma’s sacrifice and adherence to satya/dharma (implicit), and Bharata’s reverence for those virtues (explicit).

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