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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 63, Shloka 40

दशरथस्य शोकानुचिन्तनं शब्धवेधि-दोषस्मरणं च

Daśaratha’s grief, karmic reflection, and the remembered ‘śabdavedhī’ misdeed

स मामुद्वीक्ष्य नेत्राभ्यां त्रस्तमस्वस्थचेतसम्।इत्युवाच ततः क्रूरं दिधक्षन्निव तेजसा।।2.63.40।।

sa mām udvīkṣya netrābhyāṃ trastam asvasthacetasaṃ | ity uvāca tataḥ krūraṃ didhakṣann iva tejasā || 2.63.40 ||

私が怯え、心が動揺しているのを見て、彼はその輝きで私を焼き尽くすかのように両目で見上げ、そして言いました。「なんと残酷なことか!」

किम्what
किम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन; Accusative singular used interrogatively
तवto you/your
तव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
Formषष्ठी एकवचन; Genitive singular
अपकृतम्harm (done)
अपकृतम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअप + कृ (धातु)
Formकृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्यय), नपुंसकलिङ्ग द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘harm done’
राजन्O king
राजन्:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन एकवचन; Vocative singular
वनेin the forest
वने:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootवन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी एकवचन; Locative singular
निवसताby (me) dwelling
निवसता:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootनि + वस् (धातु)
Formकृदन्त (शतृ/वर्तमान कृदन्त), पुंलिङ्ग तृतीया एकवचन; Instrumental singular ‘by me residing’
मयाby me
मया:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
Formतृतीया एकवचन; Instrumental singular
जिहीर्षुःwishing to take
जिहीर्षुः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootहृ (धातु)
Formकृदन्त (सन्-प्रत्यय desiderative + उ-प्रत्यय/उणादि; ‘wishing to take’), पुंलिङ्ग प्रथमा एकवचन
अम्भःwater
अम्भः:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअम्भस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन; Accusative singular
गुर्वर्थम्for the sake of (my) elders/parents
गुर्वर्थम्:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु + अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष (गुरोः अर्थः/गुरूणाम् अर्थः); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन; Accusative singular used adverbially ‘for the sake of’
यत्since/that
यत्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयद् (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
Formसम्बन्ध-निपात/यत्-कारक (relative particle)
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
Formप्रथमा एकवचन; Nominative singular
ताडितःhave been struck
ताडितः:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeVerb
Rootताड् (धातु)
Formकृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्यय), पुंलिङ्ग प्रथमा एकवचन; past passive participle ‘struck’
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Kartr̥ (कर्तृ-करण in passive)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
Formतृतीया एकवचन; Instrumental singular

With dissipated energy and intensely troubled mind, I reached the bank of river Sarayu and there I saw the ascetic lying struck by the arrow and with scattered locks of hair. The water pitcher was thrown away and his body smeared with blood and dust as he lay on the ground.

D
Daśaratha
Ś
Śravaṇa

FAQs

Dharma includes truthful moral speech: the wounded ascetic names the act as cruel, affirming that power and weapons must be governed by discernment and restraint.

Daśaratha comes near; Śravaṇa looks at him and condemns the deed as cruel.

Moral clarity: even in pain, Śravaṇa speaks truthfully and directly about wrongdoing.