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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 46, Shloka 12

तमसातीरवासः

Night on the Bank of the Tamasa and the Stratagem to Elude the Citizens

सोऽश्वान्सुमन्त्रः संयम्य सूर्येऽस्तं समुपागते।प्रभूतयवसान् कृत्वा बभूव प्रत्यनन्तरः।।2.46.12।।

so ’śvān sumantraḥ saṁyamya sūrye ’staṁ samupāgate | prabhūta-yavasān kṛtvā babhūva pratyanantaraḥ ||2.46.12||

日が沈むと、スーマントラは馬をつなぎ、豊かな大麦の飼葉を与え、すぐそばに座して見守った。

सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन, पुल्लिङ्ग; सर्वनाम
अश्वान्horses
अश्वान्:
Karma (कर्म/object)
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative), बहुवचन, पुल्लिङ्ग
सुमन्त्रःSumantra
सुमन्त्रः:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसुमन्त्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन, पुल्लिङ्ग; apposition to सः
संयम्यhaving tethered
संयम्य:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + यम् (धातु; ‘to restrain/tether’)
Formक्त्वान्त (Absolutive/Gerund), अव्यय; ‘having restrained/tethered’
सूर्येwhen the sun
सूर्ये:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/locative absolute member)
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसप्तमी विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन, पुल्लिङ्ग
अस्तम्to setting
अस्तम्:
Gati (गति/goal)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअस्तम् (अव्यय/निपात; ‘to setting’)
Formगत्यर्थक-अव्यय (directional/goal adverb)
समुपागतेhaving approached (i.e., at sunset)
समुपागते:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/locative absolute)
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + उप + आ + गम् (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्यय (Past participle), सप्तमी विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन, पुल्लिङ्ग; सति-सप्तमी (locative absolute) = ‘when (it) had approached’
प्रभूतयवसान्abundant fodder
प्रभूतयवसान्:
Karma (कर्म/object of कृत्वा)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभूत + यवस (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative), बहुवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग; कर्मधारय: प्रभूतं यवसं = abundant fodder
कृत्वाhaving provided
कृत्वा:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (Absolutive/Gerund), अव्यय; ‘having made/provided’
बभूवbecame/was
बभूव:
Kriya (क्रिया/predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद
प्रत्यनन्तरःclose by, nearby
प्रत्यनन्तरः:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण/ अवस्था)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रति + अनन्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; अव्ययीभाव: प्रत्यनन्तर = ‘in close proximity’; used adjectivally with बभूव

As the Sun was setting, Sumantra tethered the horses, fed them with abundant fodder and sat close to them.

S
Sumantra
S
Surya (Sun)
H
horses

FAQs

Dharma here appears as conscientious service (seva): Sumantra responsibly cares for the horses and remains attentive, showing duty performed without neglect even in hardship.

At dusk during the journey away from Ayodhya, the charioteer Sumantra makes practical arrangements—securing and feeding the horses—before the night’s rest.

Reliability and caretaking: Sumantra’s steady, detail-oriented service and vigilance.