Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 45, Shloka 14

अयोध्यावासिजनानुरागः

The People and Brahmins Follow Rama toward Exile

Devanagari script

वहन्तो जवना रामं भो भो जात्यास्तुरङ्गमाः।निवर्तध्वं न गन्तव्यं हिता भवत भर्तरि।।।।

Transliteration

vahanto javanā rāmaṃ bho bho jātyās turaṅgamāḥ |

nivartadhvaṃ na gantavyaṃ hitā bhavata bhartari ||

Translation

おお、名高き血統の俊足の馬よ、ラーマを載せて行く者たちよ——引き返せ。これ以上進むな。汝らの主君に慈しみを尽くせ。

Word by Word

• vahantaḥ: carrying
• vahantaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vah (वह् धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
• Form: कृदन्त (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सम्बोधन-प्राय (addressing horses)

• javanāḥ: swift
• javanāḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: javana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण of turaṅgamāḥ

• rāmam: Rama
• rāmam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• bho: O!
• bho: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: bho (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, सम्बोधन-निपात (vocative particle)

• bho: O!
• bho: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: bho (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, पुनरुक्ति (repeated vocative particle)

• jātyāḥ: of noble breed
• jātyāḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: jāti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण of turaṅgamāḥ (noble-bred)

• turaṅgamāḥ: horses
• turaṅgamāḥ: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: turaṅgama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सम्बोधनार्थे प्रथमा (addressed)

• nivartadhvam: turn back
• nivartadhvam: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni-√vṛt (वृत् धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), बहुवचन; आत्मनेपद

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, निषेध (negation particle)

• gantavyam: to be proceeded (should go)
• gantavyam: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √gam (गम् धातु) + tavya (तव्य)
• Form: कृदन्त (gerundive/obligatory), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विधेय (predicate): 'should be gone/proceeded'

• hitāḥ: well-disposed, beneficial
• hitāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: hita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विधेय-विशेषण (predicate adjective)

• bhavata: be
• bhavata: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (भू धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• bhartari: towards/in (your) master
• bhartari: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhartṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

Context

O horses of noble breed, turn back! Do not carry your master swiftyly any farther. Do good to him.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Horses (turaṅgamāḥ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is expressed as compassionate concern: the community’s moral instinct seeks to prevent the exile of the righteous, even in heartfelt protest.

What is the narrative situation?

As Rāma is being carried away, people cry out to the horses to stop, reflecting their inability to accept his departure.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The citizens’ loyalty and empathy—collective devotion to a dharmic leader.