Valmiki Ramayana 2.45.13 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 45, Shloka 13

अयोध्यावासिजनानुरागः

The People and Brahmins Follow Rama toward Exile

Devanagari script

ते द्विजास्त्रिविधं वृद्धा ज्ञानेन वयसौजसा।वयः प्रकम्पशिरसो दूरादूचुरिदं वचः।।।।

Transliteration

te dvijāstrividhaṃ vṛddhā jñānena vayasaujasā |

vayaḥ-prakampaśiraso dūrād ūcur idaṃ vacaḥ ||

Translation

そのバラモンたちは、知恵と歳月と霊的な力によって三重に老いた長老であり、遠くに立って、老いのため頭を震わせつつ、次の言葉を語った。

Word by Word

• te: those
• te: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• dvijāḥ: brahmins (twice-born)
• dvijāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvija (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• trividham: threefold
• trividham: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tri + vidha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्विगु-समास (tri+vidha), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषणवत् (in three ways)

• vṛddhāḥ: aged
• vṛddhāḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vṛddha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण of dvijāḥ

• jñānena: by wisdom
• jñānena: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jñāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• vayasā: by age
• vayasā: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vayas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• ojasā: by spiritual energy
• ojasā: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ojas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• vayaḥ-prakampa-śirasaḥ: whose heads trembled from age
• vayaḥ-prakampa-śirasaḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vayas + prakampa + śiras (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (वयः-प्रकम्पः = 'trembling due to age' + शिरस्); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण of dvijāḥ

• dūrāt: from a distance
• dūrāt: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: dūra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (ablatival adverb), अपादानार्थ: 'from afar'

• ūcuḥ: said
• ūcuḥ: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vac (वच् धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• idam: this
• idam: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण of vacaḥ

• vacaḥ: speech, words
• vacaḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vacas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

Context

Those brahmins who were senior (to him) on three counts like age, wisdom and spirtuality spoke to him from a distance with their heads shaking with age:

Characters & Entities

• Brāhmaṇas (dvijāḥ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma values elder counsel and learned speech: social order is upheld when wisdom and spiritual authority guide public moments of crisis.

What is the narrative situation?

As Rāma departs, senior brāhmaṇas address him respectfully from afar, preparing to offer admonition or blessing.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The elders’ dignity and authority—wisdom joined to age and spiritual strength (ojas).