Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 33, Shloka 7

त्रयस्त्रिंशः सर्गः

Civic Lament and Rama’s Dutiful Approach to Daśaratha

Devanagari script

ऐश्वर्यस्य रसज्ञः सन् कामिनां चैव कामदः।नेच्छत्येवानृतं कर्तुं पितरं धर्मगौरवात्।।।।

Transliteration

aiśvaryasya rasajñaḥ san kāmināṃ caiva kāmadaḥ | necchaty evānṛtaṃ kartuṃ pitaraṃ dharmagauravāt ||

Translation

王の繁栄の甘露をよく知り、人々の願いをかなえる者でありながら、ラーマはダルマへの畏敬ゆえに、父を言葉において偽りの者とすることを望まない。

Word by Word

• ऐश्वर्यस्य: of sovereignty/affluence
• ऐश्वर्यस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऐश्वर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Genitive Singular)

• रसज्ञः: one who knows/enjoys pleasures
• रसज्ञः: कर्ता-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रस + ज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; रामस्य विशेषणम्; समासः तत्पुरुषः (‘knower/enjoyer of taste/pleasure’)

• सन्: being
• सन्: कर्ता-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √अस् (धातु) + शतृ (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले कृदन्त (present active participle, शतृ); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘being’

• कामिनाम्: of those who desire
• कामिनाम्: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कामिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Genitive Plural)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• एव: indeed
• एव: सम्बन्ध (emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-निपात (emphasis)

• कामदः: giver/fulfiller of desires
• कामदः: कर्ता-विशेषण
• Type: Noun
• Root: काम + द (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; रामस्य विशेषणम्; समासः तत्पुरुषः (‘giver of desires’)

• न: not
• न: निषेध
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• इच्छति: wishes
• इच्छति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √इष् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• एव: at all/indeed
• एव: सम्बन्ध (emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-निपात

• अनृतम्: falsehood/untruth
• अनृतम्: कर्म (object of kartuṃ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनृत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• कर्तुम्: to do/make
• कर्तुम्: प्रयोजन/अन्वय (complement of icchati)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (धातु) + तुमुन् (कृदन्त)
• Form: तुमुनन्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (infinitive)

• पितरम्: (to) his father
• पितरम्: कर्म (object; toward father)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• धर्मगौरवात्: out of reverence for dharma
• धर्मगौरवात्: हेतु (Hetu/Cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म + गौरव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; हेत्वर्थे (ablative of cause); समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (‘reverence for dharma’)

Context

Rama who enjoyed the comforts of affluence gratifies those who have desires. Out of veneration for righteousness, he does not want to prove his father false (to his promise).

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Daśaratha

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Pitṛ-vākya and satya are upheld: Rāma values dharma so highly that he will not allow his father’s promise to become false, even at personal cost.

What is the narrative situation?

Public commentary frames Rāma’s conduct: people explain that his acceptance of hardship is rooted in protecting Daśaratha’s truthfulness and dharma.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s truth-centered obedience and reverence for dharma (self-restraint despite access to luxury and power).