Shloka 91

Adhyaya 50 — Mind-Born Progeny, Svayambhuva Manu’s Lineage, and Brahmā’s Ordinance to Duḥsaha (Alakṣmī’s Retinue)

Sanskrit

अदत्त्वा भुञ्जते ये वै बन्धोः पिण्डं तथोदकम् ।

सपिण्डान् सोदकांश्चैव तत्काले तान् नरान् भज ॥

Transliteration

adattvā bhuñjate ye vai bandhoḥ piṇḍaṃ tathodakam /

sapiṇḍān sodakāṃś caiva tatkāle tān narān bhaja

Translation

亡き親族にピンダ供（piṇḍa）と水を捧げずに食する者ども—そのサピンダ（sapiṇḍa）およびソーダカ（sodaka）の縁者と共に—その時、行って彼らを悩まし苦しめよ。

Word by Word

• अदत्त्वा: without giving
• अदत्त्वा: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु) + त्वा (कृदन्त)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा/त्वा), with privative prefix अ-: ‘not having given’

• भुञ्जते: they eat/enjoy
• भुञ्जते: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भुज् (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Parasmaipada? actually Ātmanepada form, 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ये: those who
• ये: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Plural; relative pronoun

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: Indeclinable particle (निश्चयार्थक/खल्वर्थक)

• बन्धोः: of a kinsman
• बन्धोः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th), Singular

• पिण्डम्: funeral rice-ball (piṇḍa)
• पिण्डम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पिण्ड (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• तथा: and also
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: Indeclinable adverb/particle

• उदकम्: water (libation)
• उदकम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उदक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd), Singular

• स-पिण्डान्: those connected by piṇḍa (sapinda kin)
• स-पिण्डान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स + पिण्ड (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Plural; अव्ययीभावः: ‘with piṇḍa-offerings/connected by piṇḍa’

• स-उदकान्: those connected by water-offering (sodaka kin)
• स-उदकान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स + उदक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Plural; अव्ययीभावः: ‘with water-libation/connected by water’

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• एव: indeed/just
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (अवधारण)

• तत्-काले: at that time
• तत्-काले: Kāla (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तत्-काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (7th), Singular; तत्पुरुषः: तस्मिन् काले

• तान्: those
• तान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Plural

• नरान्: men/people
• नरान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Plural

• भज: seek/attach yourself to
• भज: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भज् (धातु)
• Form: Imperative (लोट्), 2nd person (मध्यमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada

Speakers

• Brahmā instructing a Yakṣa (reported by Mārkaṇḍeya)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "dharma", "secondaryRasa": "bhaya", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Brahmā
• Pitṛs (implicit)

Key Themes

• Pitṛ Pūjā
• Dharma
• Śrāddha
• Karmic consequence

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Feeding oneself while neglecting obligations to the departed is portrayed as ethical failure. The text frames ancestral rites as a debt (ṛṇa) sustaining family continuity and moral order.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary dharma material; it supports vaṃśānucarita indirectly by safeguarding lineage through pitṛ-rites, but it is not itself a lakṣaṇa category.

What is the esoteric significance?

Piṇḍa and udaka are symbols of nourishment and continuity across realms. Neglect breaks the subtle ‘flow’ between generations; the Yakṣa’s affliction represents the rebound of severed reciprocity.