Shloka 24

Adhyaya 45 — Jaimini’s Cosmological Questions and the Opening of Markandeya’s Account of Primary Creation

Sanskrit

भृगोः सकाशाच्च्यवनस्तेनोक्तञ्च द्विजन्मनाम् ।

ऋषिभिश्चापि दक्षाय प्रोक्तमेतन्महात्मभिः ॥

Transliteration

bhṛgoḥ sakāśāc cyavanas tenoktañ ca dvijanmanām | ṛṣibhiś cāpi dakṣāya proktam etan mahātmabhiḥ ||

Translation

チャヤヴァナはそれをブリグから学び、二度生まれの者（ドヴィジャ）に教えた。また同じく、大いなる心をもつ聖仙たちによってダクシャにも教えられた。

Word by Word

• भृगोः: of Bhṛgu
• भृगोः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भृगु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन

• सकाशात्: from the presence of, from near
• सकाशात्: Apādāna (अपादान/Source)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सकाश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative/5th), एकवचन; अर्थे ‘निकटात्/समीपात्’

• च्यवनः: Cyavana
• च्यवनः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: च्यवन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन

• तेन: by him
• तेन: Karana (करण/Agent-mention)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन

• उक्तम्: was said, was spoken
• उक्तम्: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicative participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle, क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (context: implicit ‘एतत्’/‘इदम्’); कर्मणि प्रयोग

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• द्विजन्मनाम्: of the twice-born (Brahmins etc.)
• द्विजन्मनाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वि-जन्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन

• ऋषिभिः: by sages
• ऋषिभिः: Karana (करण/Agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋषि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/सम्भावना-निपात (particle: also/even)

• दक्षाय: to Dakṣa
• दक्षाय: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (Dative/4th), एकवचन

• प्रोक्तम्: was proclaimed, was taught
• प्रोक्तम्: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicative participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-√वच् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle, क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; refers to the teaching

• महात्मभिः: by great-souled ones
• महात्मभिः: Karana (करण/Agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), बहुवचन

Speakers

• Mārkaṇḍeya

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Paramparā (Bhṛgu → Cyavana → dvijas; sages → Dakṣa)
• Prajāpati and ṛṣi networks
• Legitimation of Purāṇic teaching

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dharma-knowledge is communal and trans-generational: it is learned in proximity to realized teachers (sakāśa) and then responsibly transmitted to qualified communities (dvija) and world-ordering figures (Dakṣa).

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Supports vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita by naming key transmitters in ṛṣi-prajāpati lineages; it is an authority-chain statement adjacent to genealogical narration.

What is the esoteric significance?

The chain links ascetic insight (Bhṛgu/Cyavana) with societal ordering power (Dakṣa), implying that revelation must descend into institutions and ritual life to stabilize the world.