Shloka 39
Adhyāya 14: Śalya’s Missile-Pressure and the Pāṇḍava Convergence (शल्यस्य शरवर्षम्)
Devanagari script
सुरथं तं ततः क्रुद्धमापतन्तं महारथम्
Transliteration
surathaṃ taṃ tataḥ kruddham āpatantaṃ mahāratham
Translation
サञ्जयは言った。するとその大車戦士は怒りに燃え、武具を整えた戦車で前へ突進した――憤怒と勢いで戦いを押し進め、戦局はついに正面衝突の一騎打ちへと締め上げられていった。
Word by Word
सु-रथम्the good chariot / well-equipped chariot
सु-रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तम्him / that (one)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ततःthen / thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (अव्यय)
क्रुद्धम्angry
क्रुद्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रुध् (धातु) → क्रुद्ध (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आपतन्तम्rushing/charging (towards)
आपतन्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपत् (धातु) + आ- (उपसर्ग) → आपतत् (वर्तमान-कृदन्त) → आपतन्त् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
महा-रथम्the great chariot-warrior
महा-रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
स
संजय (Sañjaya)म
महāratha (great chariot-warrior)S
suratha (battle-chariot)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights how anger (krodha) drives escalation in war: an elite warrior, seized by wrath, rushes into attack. Ethically, it points to the peril of letting rage govern action, even within a kṣatriya context where courage and duty are expected.
Sañjaya reports that a great chariot-warrior, mounted on a fine battle-chariot, becomes enraged and charges forward to engage—signaling an imminent close encounter or renewed assault in the ongoing Kurukṣetra battle.