Shloka 48
Devanagari script
हाहाकृतानि भूतानि मानुषाणीतराणि च । द्रोणं तथागतं दृष्टवा धृष्टद्युम्नवशं गतम्
Transliteration
hāhākṛtāni bhūtāni mānuṣāṇītarāṇi ca | droṇaṃ tathāgataṃ dṛṣṭvā dhṛṣṭadyumnavaśaṃ gatam ||
Translation
サञ्जयは語った。「ドローナがそのような境地に追い込まれ、ドリシュタデュムナの力のもとに落ちたのを見て、人も人ならぬものも、あらゆる存在が『ああ、哀れ！』と叫び声を上げた。」
Word by Word
हाहाalas! (cry of lament)
हाहा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहाहा
कृतानिmade, done; uttered (as cries)
कृतानि:
TypeAdjective
Rootकृ
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
भूतानिbeings, creatures
भूतानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
मानुषाणिhuman
मानुषाणि:
TypeAdjective
Rootमानुष
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
इतराणिother (non-human)
इतराणि:
TypeAdjective
Rootइतर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
द्रोणम्Drona
द्रोणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तथाthus, in that manner
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
गतम्gone, come to (a state)
गतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootगम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
धृष्टद्युम्नवशम्under the control/power of Dhrishtadyumna
धृष्टद्युम्नवशम्:
TypeNoun
Rootधृष्टद्युम्न-वश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
गतम्gone to, fallen into
गतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootगम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
S
SañjayaD
Droṇa (Droṇācārya)D
DhṛṣṭadyumnaCharacter Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights the tragic moral weight of war: even the fall of a formidable teacher like Droṇa evokes universal lament, suggesting that victory achieved through the destruction of revered figures carries sorrow and ethical gravity.
Sañjaya reports that a great outcry arose among all beings when they saw Droṇa brought under Dhṛṣṭadyumna’s power—indicating Droṇa’s decisive defeat and the shock it causes on the battlefield.