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Kurma Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 14

Incarnations of Mahādeva in Kali-yuga (Vaivasvata Manvantara) and the Nakulīśa Horizon

सुमुखो दुर्मुखश्चैव दुर्दमो दुरतिक्रमः / सनः सनातनश्चैव मुकारश्च सनन्दनः

sumukho durmukhaścaiva durdamo duratikramaḥ / sanaḥ sanātanaścaiva mukāraśca sanandanaḥ

彼は吉祥の面をもつ者(スムカ)であり、また恐るべき面をもつ者(ドゥルムカ)でもある。征服し得ぬ者(ドゥルダマ)、越え難き者(ドゥラティクラマ)。彼はサナ、そして永遠なるサナータナ。彼は聖なる音節「ム」であり、またサナンダナでもある。

सु-मुखःSumukha (name)
सु-मुखः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + मुख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारय: सुमुखः (good-faced; name)
दुर्-मुखःDurmukha (name)
दुर्-मुखः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootदुर् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + मुख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारय: दुर्मुखः (hard-faced; name)
and
:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चयबोधक
एवindeed
एव:
Avadharana (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, अवधारण
दुर्-दमःDurdama (name)
दुर्-दमः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootदुर् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + दम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारय: दुर्दमः (hard to tame; name)
दुर्-अतिक्रमःDuratikrama (name)
दुर्-अतिक्रमः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootदुर् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + अतिक्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारय: दुरतिक्रमः (hard to surpass; name)
सनःSana (name)
सनः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नाम
सनातनःSanātana (name)
सनातनः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसनातन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नाम
and
:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चयबोधक
एवindeed
एव:
Avadharana (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, अवधारण
मुकारःMukāra (name)
मुकारः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootमुकार (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नाम (mukāra)
and
:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चयबोधक
सनन्दनःSanandana (name)
सनन्दनः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसनन्दन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नाम

Traditional narrator within the Purana presenting the Lord’s names (Sahasranama style), ultimately referring to Lord Kurma/Vishnu as the Supreme

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

L
Lord Kurma
V
Vishnu
S
Sanandana

FAQs

By pairing opposites—auspicious and fearsome, gentle and unrestrainable—the verse implies the Supreme is beyond limited human categories, encompassing all powers while remaining eternal (sanātana) and unsurpassable (duratikrama).

The verse supports nāma-smaraṇa and mantra-oriented contemplation: meditating on divine names and seed-sounds (like “mukāra”) to steady the mind and recognize the Lord as the inner, timeless reality.

Though framed as names of Vishnu/Kurma, the theology is synthetic: the Supreme is described as all-encompassing and beyond form-limits, aligning with Purāṇic non-dual devotion where sectarian distinctions (Śaiva/Vaiṣṇava) are harmonized in one Ishvara.