Atharva Veda 4.40.2: Kanda 4, Anuvaka 4, Sukta 40, Mantra 2

Sukta 40

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

ये द॑क्षिण॒तो जुह्व॑ति जातवेदो॒ दक्षि॑णाया दि॒शोऽभि॒दास॑न्त्य॒स्मान्। य॒ममृ॒त्वा ते परा॑ञ्चो व्यथन्तां प्र॒त्यगे॑नान् प्रतिस॒रेण॑ हन्मि

Sanskrit recitationAtharva Veda 4.40.2

IAST Transliteration

yé dakṣiṇató juhváti jātavēdo dákṣiṇāyā diśó ’bhidā́santy asmā́n | yamám ṛtvā́ té parā́ñco vyathantāṁ pratyagéna pratisarḗṇa hanmi

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Whoso from the south offer, O Jātavedas—who from the southern quarter assail us: taking Yama in due order, let them be turned away and tremble; with the counter-turning, with the counter-charm, I smite them down.

Translation

南から供犠する者どもよ、ジャータヴェーダス（Jātavedas）よ――南の方角から我らを襲う者どもよ。正しい次第によりヤマ（Yama）を取り、彼らを背き去らせ、震えさせよ。反転の術、対抗の呪（プラティサラ）をもって、我は彼らを打ち倒す。

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Word by Word

• ये: who (those who)
• ये: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• दक्षिणतः: from/on the south (southern side)
• दक्षिणतः: अधिकरण
• Type: Indeclinable (directional adverb)
• Root: दक्षिण (प्रातिपदिक)

• जुह्वति: they offer (pour as oblation)
• जुह्वति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: हु (धातु)

• जातवेदः: O Jātavedas (Agni)
• जातवेदः: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (vocative address)
• Root: जातवेदस् (प्रातिपदिक; अग्नि-नाम)

• दक्षिणायाः: of the south
• दक्षिणायाः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: दक्षिणा (प्रातिपदिक)

• दिशः: of the direction/quarter
• दिशः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिश् (प्रातिपदिक)

• अभिदासन्ति: they assail/attack
• अभिदासन्ति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि + दस् (धातु; ‘to harm/assail’)

• अस्मान्: us
• अस्मान्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• यमम्: Yama (Death)
• यमम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: यम (प्रातिपदिक)

• ऋत्वा: having gone to / having reached
• ऋत्वा: पूर्वकाल
• Type: Gerund
• Root: ऋ (धातु; ‘to go/attain’) → क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय

• ते: they
• ते: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• पराञ्चः: turned away; going away
• पराञ्चः: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पराञ्च् (प्रातिपदिक)

• व्यथन्ताम्: let them be pained/afflicted
• व्यथन्ताम्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: व्यथ् (धातु; ‘to be distressed/tremble’)

• प्रत्यगेनान्: them, turned back toward (us) / those facing back
• प्रत्यगेनान्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun/Adjectival form (Vedic compound-like inflection)
• Root: प्रत्यग् (प्रातिपदिक) + एन (तृतीया-एकवचन-प्रत्ययः, वैदिकः) + आन् (द्वितीया-बहुवचन-प्रत्ययः, ‘अस्मान्’ इत्यर्थे वैदिक-प्रयोगः)

• प्रतिसरेण: with a counter-charm/amulet
• प्रतिसरेण: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रतिसर (प्रातिपदिक; ‘counter-charm, amulet, counter-spell’)

• हन्मि: I strike/kill (I smite)
• हन्मि: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (धातु)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (not specified in excerpt)

Devata: Yama (as quarter-power) with Jātavedas addressed

Chandas: Triṣṭubh-like (requires metrical confirmation)

Mantra Rasa

Primary: bhayankara

Secondary: vira