Sutra 4
Devanagari script
कूटमुद्रायां पूर्वः साहसदण्डः तिरोजनपदस्योत्तमः ॥ कZ_०२.३४.०४ ॥
Transliteration
kūṭamudrāyāṃ pūrvaḥ sāhasadaṇḍaḥ tirojanapadasyottamaḥ
Translation
（王の）印章の偽造には、前に述べたサーハサ（sāhasa）の罰金を科す。ただし、他国へ入国または通過するために（偽の権限で）印章を偽造した者には、最高刑を科す。
Word by Word
कूटमुद्रायाम्in/with regard to a forged seal
कूटमुद्रायाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootकूटमुद्रा
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, एकवचन, सप्तमी (अधिकरण)
पूर्वःthe first (i.e., the lower/earlier grade)
पूर्वः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व
Formपुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा; विशेषणम् (साहसदण्डः इत्यस्य)
साहसदण्डःthe penalty prescribed for ‘sāhasa’ (violent/forcible offence)
साहसदण्डः:
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formपुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा; साहसस्य दण्डः
तिरोजनपदस्यof a foreign country/another realm
तिरोजनपदस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootतिरोजनपद
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग (प्रयोगानुसार), एकवचन, षष्ठी (सम्बन्ध)
उत्तमःthe highest (grade)
उत्तमः:
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
Formपुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा; विशेषणम् (साहसदण्डः इत्यस्य)
Entities Mentioned
M
mudrā (seal)J
janapada (territory/state)D
daṇḍa (penalty)FAQs
The risk that forged state authentication enables unauthorized movement, false orders, and cross-jurisdictional infiltration—undermining fiscal and security control.
Because it amplifies strategic harm: it enables espionage, desertion, illegal trade, and hostile penetration across borders, so deterrence must be maximal.