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Shloka 20

तेषां समुपविष्टानां नकुलो दुःखितस्तदा । अब्रवीद्‌ भ्रातरं श्रेष्ठममर्षात्‌ कुरुनन्दनम्‌,उनके बैठ जानेपर नकुल अत्यन्त दुःखी हो अमर्षमें आकर बड़े भाई कुरुनन्दन युधिष्ठिरसे इस प्रकार बोले---

teṣāṃ samupaviṣṭānāṃ nakulo duḥkhitas tadā | abravīd bhrātaraṃ śreṣṭham amarṣāt kurunandanaṃ ||

Vaiśaṃpāyana said: When they had all sat down, Nakula, overwhelmed with sorrow, spoke in a surge of indignation to his eldest brother—Yudhiṣṭhira, the delight of the Kurus. The moment signals a moral tension: grief turns into righteous anger, and a younger brother challenges the elder’s stance, testing patience, restraint, and the demands of dharma within the family.

तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
समुपविष्टानाम्having sat down / while seated
समुपविष्टानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeParticiple
Rootसम्-उप-विश् (धातु) → उपविष्ट (क्त)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
नकुलःNakula
नकुलः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनकुल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दुःखितःdistressed
दुःखितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःखित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
अब्रवीत्said / spoke
अब्रवीत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular
भ्रातरम्to (his) brother
भ्रातरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभ्रातृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
श्रेष्ठम्the eldest / best
श्रेष्ठम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अमर्षात्from indignation
अमर्षात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअमर्ष
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
कुरुनन्दनम्the delight of the Kurus (Yudhiṣṭhira)
कुरुनन्दनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु-नन्दन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśaṃpāyana
N
Nakula
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
K
Kuru (dynasty)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how intense grief can transform into indignation, creating a test of dharma within relationships: the younger brother’s anger challenges the elder’s leadership, while the elder is implicitly called to respond with steadiness, patience, and ethical clarity.

After the group sits down, Nakula—deeply distressed—addresses his eldest brother Yudhiṣṭhira. The narration sets up an impending speech or reproach, indicating a moment of emotional pressure and moral debate among the Pāṇḍavas.