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Shloka 71

अध्याय ७४: अक्रोध–क्षमा–निवासनीति

Chapter 74: Non-anger, Forbearance, and the Ethics of Residence

(पक्षिण: पुण्यवन्तस्ते सहिता धर्मतस्तदा । पक्षैस्तैरभिगुप्ता च तस्मादस्मि शकुन्तला ।। ततो5हमृषिणा दृष्टा काश्यपेन महात्मना । जलार्थमन्निहोत्रस्य गतं दृष्टवा तु पक्षिण: ।। न्यासभूतामिव मुने: प्रददुर्मा दयावत: । स मारणिमिवादाय स्वमाश्रममुपागमत्‌ ।। सा वै सम्भाविता राजन्ननुक्रोशान्महर्षिणा । तेनैव स्वसुतेवाहं राजन्‌ वै परमर्षिणा ।। विश्वामित्रसुता चाहं वर्धिता मुनिना नूप । यौवने वर्तमानां च दृष्टवानसि मां नूप ।। आश्रमे पर्णशालायां कुमारी विजने वने | धात्रा प्रचोदितां शून्ये पित्रा विरहितां मिथ: ।। वाम्भिस्त्वं सूनृताभिमामपत्यार्थमचूचुद: । अकार्षास्त्वाश्रमे वासं धर्मकामार्थनिश्चितम्‌ ।। गान्धर्वेण विवाहेन विधिना पाणिमग्रही: । साहं कुलं च शीलं च सत्यवादित्वमात्मन: ।। स्वधर्म च पुरस्कृत्य त्वामद्य शरणं गता । तस्मान्नाहसि संश्रुत्य तथेति वितर्थं वच: ।। स्वधर्म पृष्ठतः कृत्वा परित्यक्तुमुपस्थिताम्‌ । त्वज्नाथां लोकनाथस्त्व॑ नाहसि त्वमनागसम्‌ ।।) वे पक्षी भी पुण्यवान्‌ हैं, जिन्होंनेएक साथ आकर उस समय धर्मपूर्वक अपने पंखोंसे मेरी रक्षा की। शकुन्तों (पक्षियों)-ने मेरी रक्षा की, इसलिये मेरा नाम शकुन्तला हो गया। तदनन्तर महात्मा कश्यपनन्दन कण्वकी दृष्टि मुझपर पड़ी। वे अग्निहोत्रके लिये जल लानेके हेतु उधर गये हुए थे। उन्हें देखकर पक्षियोंने उन दयालु महर्षिको मुझे धरोहरकी भाँति सौंप दिया। वे मुझे अरणी (शमी)-की भाँति लेकर अपने आश्रमपर आये। राजन! महर्षिने कृपापूर्वक अपनी पुत्रीके समान मेरा पालन-पोषण किया। नरेश्वर! इस प्रकार मैं विश्वामित्र मुनिकी पुत्री हूँ और महात्मा कण्वने मुझे पाल-पोसकर बड़ी किया है। आपने युवावस्थामें मुझे देखा था। निर्जन वनमें आश्रमकी पर्णकुटीके भीतर सूने स्थानमें, जबकि मेरे पिता उपस्थित नहीं थे, विधाताकी प्रेरणासे प्रभावित मुझ कुमारी कनन्‍्याको आपने अपने मीठे वचनोंद्वारा संतानोत्पादनके निमित्त सहवासके लिये प्रेरित किया। धर्म, अर्थ एवं कामकी ओर दृष्टि रखकर मेरे साथ आश्रममें निवास किया। गान्धर्व विवाहकी विधिसे आपने मेरा पाणिग्रहण किया है। वही मैं आज अपने कुल, शील, सत्यवादिता और धर्मको आगे रखकर आपकी शरणमें आयी हूँ। इसलिये पूर्वकालमें वैसी प्रतिज्ञा करके अब उसे असत्य न कीजिये। आप जगतके रक्षक हैं, मेरे प्राणनाथ हैं। मैं सर्वथा निरपराध हूँ और स्वयं आपकी सेवामें उपस्थित हूँ, अतः अपने धर्मको पीछे करके मेरा परित्याग न कीजिये। कि नु कर्माशुभं पूर्व कृतवत्यन्यजन्मनि । यदहं बान्धवैस्त्यक्ता बाल्ये सम्प्रति च त्वया,“मैंने पूर्व जन्मान्तरोंमें कौन-सा ऐसा पाप किया था, जिससे बाल्यावस्थामें तो मेरे बान्धवोंने मुझे त्याग दिया और इस समय आप पतिदेवताके द्वारा भी मैं त्याग दी गयी

pakṣiṇaḥ puṇyavantaste sahitā dharmatas tadā | pakṣaistairabhiguptā ca tasmādasmi śakuntalā || tato 'hamṛṣiṇā dṛṣṭā kāśyapena mahātmanā | jalārtham agnihotrasya gataṃ dṛṣṭvā tu pakṣiṇaḥ || nyāsabhūtāmiva muneḥ pradadur māṃ dayāvataḥ | sa māraṇimivādāya svamāśramamupāgamat || sā vai sambhāvitā rājan anukrośān maharṣiṇā | tenaiva svasutevāhaṃ rājan vai paramarṣiṇā || viśvāmitrasutā cāhaṃ vardhitā muninā nṛpa | yauvane vartamānāṃ ca dṛṣṭavānasi māṃ nṛpa || āśrame parṇaśālāyāṃ kumārī vijane vane | dhātrā pracoditāṃ śūnye pitrā virahitāṃ mithaḥ || vāgbhis tvaṃ sūnṛtābhir mām apatyārtham acūcudaḥ | akāṣṭhās tvāśrame vāsaṃ dharmakāmārthanirṇicitam || gāndharveṇa vivāhena vidhinā pāṇim agrahīḥ | sāhaṃ kulaṃ ca śīlaṃ ca satyavāditvam ātmanaḥ || svadharmaṃ ca puraskṛtya tvām adya śaraṇaṃ gatā | tasmān nāhasi saṃśrutya tatheti vitathaṃ vacaḥ || svadharmaṃ pṛṣṭhataḥ kṛtvā parityaktum upasthitām | tvajñāthāṃ lokanāthas tvaṃ nāhasi tvam anāgasam || kiṃ nu karmāśubhaṃ pūrvaṃ kṛtavaty anyajanmani | yad ahaṃ bāndhavais tyaktā bālye samprati ca tvayā ||

Śakuntalā speaks: “Those birds were blessed indeed—gathering together, they protected me then in accordance with dharma with their very wings. Because the śakuntas (birds) guarded me, I came to be called Śakuntalā. Thereafter the great sage Kaṇva, descendant of Kaśyapa, saw me when he had gone to fetch water for his agnihotra. Seeing him, the birds entrusted me to that compassionate seer as though I were a sacred deposit. He carried me to his hermitage like a fire-stick (araṇi) and raised me there. Out of pity that great ṛṣi cherished me as his own daughter. O king, I am the daughter of Viśvāmitra, but I was nurtured and brought up by the sage Kaṇva. You saw me when I had come of age—alone in the forest hermitage, within the leaf-hut, in an empty place, with my father absent—when fate impelled events. With gentle words you persuaded me to union for the sake of offspring; you stayed in the hermitage with your mind set upon dharma, artha, and kāma. By the rite of the gāndharva marriage you took my hand. Therefore today, placing before you my lineage, conduct, truthfulness, and my own dharma, I have come seeking your protection. Having once promised ‘so be it,’ you ought not now make your word false. You are the lord of the people; I stand before you without offense—do not cast me off by setting dharma behind you. What evil deed did I commit in some former birth, that I was abandoned by my kin in childhood and now am abandoned by you as well?”

पक्षिणःbirds
पक्षिणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपक्षिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पुण्यवन्तःmeritorious
पुण्यवन्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपुण्यवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेthose
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सहिताassembled, together
सहिता:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसहित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
धर्मतःaccording to dharma, righteously
धर्मतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootधर्म
Formtrue
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
Formtrue
पक्षैःwith wings
पक्षैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपक्ष
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
तैःby those
तैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अभिगुप्ताprotected
अभिगुप्ता:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-गुप्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formtrue
तस्मात्therefore
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात् (तद्)
Formtrue
अस्मिI am
अस्मि:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, 1, Singular
शकुन्तलाŚakuntalā
शकुन्तला:
TypeNoun
Rootशकुन्तला
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
Formtrue
अहम्me / I
अहम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
FormNominative, Singular
ऋषिणाby a sage
ऋषिणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
दृष्टाseen
दृष्टा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
काश्यपेनby Kāśyapa
काश्यपेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाश्यप
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
महात्मनाby the great-souled one
महात्मना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमहात्मन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
जलार्थम्for water (purpose)
जलार्थम्:
TypeNoun
Rootजलार्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अग्निहोत्रस्यof the agnihotra rite
अग्निहोत्रस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootअग्निहोत्र
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
गतम्gone
गतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormGerund (क्त्वा)
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
Formtrue
पक्षिणःbirds
पक्षिणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपक्षिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
न्यासभूताम्as if a deposit/entrusted one
न्यासभूताम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootन्यासभूत
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
इवas if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
Formtrue
मुनेःof the sage
मुनेः:
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
प्रददुःthey gave/handed over
प्रददुः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-दा
FormPerfect, 3, Plural
माम्me
माम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
FormAccusative, Singular
दयावतःof the compassionate one
दयावतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootदयावत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अरणिम्arani (fire-stick)
अरणिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअरणि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
इवas if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
Formtrue
आदायhaving taken
आदाय:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-दा
FormGerund (ल्यप्)
स्वम्his own
स्वम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootस्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आश्रमम्hermitage
आश्रमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआश्रम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उपागमत्came to, reached
उपागमत्:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-गम्
FormImperfect, 3, Singular
साshe (I)
सा:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
Formtrue
सम्भाविताhonoured/treated well
सम्भाविता:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-भाव्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अनुक्रोशात्out of compassion
अनुक्रोशात्:
TypeNoun
Rootअनुक्रोश
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
महर्षिणाby the great sage
महर्षिणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमहर्षि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
तेनby him
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
Formtrue
स्वसुत्याas (his) own daughter
स्वसुत्या:
TypeNoun
Rootस्वसुत
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
इवas if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
Formtrue
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
FormNominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
Formtrue
परमर्षिणाby the supreme sage
परमर्षिणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपरमर्षि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
विश्वामित्रसुताdaughter of Viśvāmitra
विश्वामित्रसुता:
TypeNoun
Rootविश्वामित्रसुता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formtrue
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
FormNominative, Singular
वर्धिताbrought up
वर्धिता:
TypeVerb
Rootवर्ध्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
मुनिनाby the sage
मुनिना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
नृपO king
नृप:
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
यौवनेin youth
यौवने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयौवन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
वर्तमानाम्being (in that state)
वर्तमानाम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootवृत् (वर्तमान)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formtrue
दृष्टवान्you saw
दृष्टवान्:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
असिare (have)
असि:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, 2, Singular
माम्me
माम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
FormAccusative, Singular
नृपO king
नृप:
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

दुष्यन्त उवाच

Ś
Śakuntalā
D
Duṣyanta
K
Kaṇva
K
Kaśyapa (as lineage epithet)
V
Viśvāmitra
A
Agnihotra (rite)
Ā
Āśrama (hermitage)
P
Parṇaśālā (leaf-hut)
A
Araṇi/Māraṇi (fire-stick)
Ś
Śakuntas/Pakṣiṇaḥ (birds)
D
Dhātṛ (the Disposer/Fate)

Educational Q&A

Dharma is upheld through truthfulness and fidelity to one’s pledged word, especially for a king. Śakuntalā frames the issue as an ethical obligation: having accepted her in a gāndharva marriage and spoken assent, Duṣyanta must not render his promise false or abandon a blameless woman who has sought his protection.

Śakuntalā recounts her origin (protected by birds, adopted and raised by sage Kaṇva though born to Viśvāmitra), reminds Duṣyanta of their consensual gāndharva marriage in the hermitage, and appeals to him on grounds of dharma and royal responsibility not to repudiate her, ending with a lament about being abandoned.