Mantra 46

Sukta 4

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

सरस्वतीं पितरो हवन्ते दक्षिणा यज्ञमभिनक्षमाणाः । आसद्यास्मिन् बर्हिषि मादयध्वमनमीवा इष आ धेह्यस्मे

IAST Transliteration

sárasvatī́m pitáro havante dakṣiṇā́ yajñám abhinákṣamāṇāḥ | āsádyāsmín barhíṣi mādayadhvam anamīvā́ íṣa ā́ dhehy asmè ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Sarasvatī the Fathers call, while the Dakṣiṇā-gifts speed on the Sacrifice to its goal. Having sat you down upon this Barhis, rejoice ye: being free from hurt, set hither for us the powers of nourishment.

Word by Word

• सरस्वतीम्: Sarasvatī (goddess), as the object (whom they invoke)
• सरस्वतीम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: सरस्वती (प्रातिपदिक)

• पितरः: the Fathers/ancestors
• पितरः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• हवन्ते: invoke/call
• हवन्ते: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ह्वे (ह्वयति/आह्वयति)

• दक्षिणाः: the dakṣiṇās (sacrificial gifts/fees)
• दक्षिणाः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: दक्षिणा (प्रातिपदिक)

• यज्ञम्: the sacrifice
• यज्ञम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)

• अभिनक्षमाणाः: approaching/coming up to (it)
• अभिनक्षमाणाः: कर्तृ (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Participle (Adjective)
• Root: अभि-√नक्ष् (नक्षति) → नक्षमाण (वर्तमान कृदन्त)

• आसद्य: having sat down/approached
• आसद्य: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable (Gerund)
• Root: आ-√सद् (सीदति/सदति) → आसद्य (क्त्वान्त अव्यय)

• अस्मिन्: in this
• अस्मिन्: अधिकरण
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• बर्हिषि: on the sacred grass-seat (barhis)
• बर्हिषि: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: बर्हिस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• मादयध्वम्: rejoice/be exhilarated
• मादयध्वम्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √मद् (मादयति/मदति)

• अनमीवाः: free from disease, unailing
• अनमीवाः: कर्तृ (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनमीव (प्रातिपदिक; a- + अमीव ‘disease’)

• इषः: of nourishment/refreshment
• इषः: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इष् (प्रातिपदिक) / इषा

• आ: hither, towards (us)
• आ: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• धेहि: place/bestow
• धेहि: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √धा (दधाति)

• अस्मे: to us
• अस्मे: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

Attribution

Rishi: Traditionally associated with Pitṛ-hymn seers in AV 18 (Aṅgiras/Atharvanic lineage; hymn-level attribution varies by anukramaṇī).

Devata: Sarasvatī; Pitaraḥ (Fathers); Dakṣiṇā (personified sacrificial gift).

Chandas: Triṣṭubh-like cadence (as transmitted in AV 18 funeral corpus; metrical exactness may vary by pada division).

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"shanta","secondary_rasa":"karuna","emotional_arc":"From solemn invocation to gentle rejoicing and a confident request for nourishment.","listener_experience":"Quieted grief, reverence, and a sense of being supported by lineage.","intensity":5}