तस्यैवं वर्तमानस्य संप्राप्तं पश्चिमं वयः । अपुत्रस्य द्विजश्रेष्ठास्ततो दुःखं व्यजायत
tasyaivaṃ vartamānasya saṃprāptaṃ paścimaṃ vayaḥ | aputrasya dvijaśreṣṭhāstato duḥkhaṃ vyajāyata
Ketika ia menjalani hidup demikian, tibalah usia senjanya. Namun karena ia tidak memiliki putra, wahai yang terbaik di antara para dvija, duka pun timbul dalam dirinya.
Narrator (addressing 'dvijaśreṣṭha'—listener is a brāhmaṇa; specific speaker not stated in the snippet)
Listener: Śaunaka and sages (implied; addressed as ‘dvija-śreṣṭhāḥ’)
Scene: An aged Gālava sits quietly at dusk in his āśrama, ritual fires low; his face shows restrained grief as he contemplates being without a son, while disciples stand at a respectful distance.
Even a virtuous life can carry worldly duties and concerns; the Purāṇas acknowledge the dharmic importance traditionally placed on lineage and continuity.
No tīrtha is named in this verse; it sets up the motive for seeking divine grace within the local kṣetra narrative.
None explicitly; the verse introduces the problem (aputratva) that will lead to worship and vrata.