Skanda Purana — Kashi Khanda, Shloka 120

Devanagari script

सुपर्वणि सुपात्राय सुताथ श्रद्धयाधिकम् । येन स्ववित्तमानेन धर्मोपार्जित वित्ततः

Transliteration

suparvaṇi supātrāya sutātha śraddhayādhikam | yena svavittamānena dharmopārjita vittataḥ

Translation

Pada hari perayaan yang suci, kepada penerima yang layak, dengan śraddhā yang melimpah—ia berdana menurut kemampuannya, dari harta yang diperoleh melalui dharma.

Word by Word

• सुपर्वणि: on an auspicious festival day
• सुपर्वणि: Adhikarana (Location/Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + पर्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (सु + पर्वणि = शुभपर्वणि), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन

• सुपात्राय: to a worthy recipient
• सुपात्राय: Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सु (अव्यय) + पात्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (सुपात्र), पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (Dative/4th), एकवचन

• सुता: daughter
• सुता: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; संदर्भे ‘सुता’ (daughter)

• अथ: then/and
• अथ: Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: अनन्तरार्थक-अव्यय (then/and)

• श्रद्धया: with faith
• श्रद्धया: Karana (Instrument/means/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्रद्धा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन

• अधिकम्: more/excess
• अधिकम्: Vishesana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अधिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘अधिकतरम्’

• येन: by which/with which
• येन: Karana (Instrument/means/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• स्ववित्तमानेन: by the measure of one’s own wealth
• स्ववित्तमानेन: Karana (Instrument/means/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्व (प्रातिपदिक) + वित्त (प्रातिपदिक) + मान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (स्वस्य वित्तस्य मानः), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• धर्मोपार्जित: earned righteously
• धर्मोपार्जित: Vishesana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक) + उपार्जित (कृदन्त)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (धर्मेण उपार्जितम्), क्त-कृदन्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग-सम्भव; अत्र विशेषणरूपेण

• वित्ततः: from wealth/from money
• वित्ततः: Apadana (Source/अपाादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वित्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative/5th), एकवचन; ‘वित्तात्’ (वित्ततः = ablative adverbial form)

Speaker

Skanda (deduced from Kāśīkhaṇḍa dialogue frame)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Kāśī (contextual)

Type: kshetra

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A festival day at a Kāśī ghāṭa: a householder offers cloth/food/coins to a calm, worthy brāhmaṇa/ascetic; lamps, banners, and river shimmer indicate parvan auspiciousness.

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Charity becomes especially meritorious when done on sacred occasions, to deserving recipients, with śraddhā, and from honestly earned wealth.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

The verse supports the dharmic culture associated with Kāśī in the Kāśīkhaṇḍa, but it does not name a particular tīrtha in this line.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

Dāna (charitable giving) on a suparvan (auspicious day) to a supātra (worthy recipient), performed with strong faith.