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Shloka 38

Phala of Vrata, Niyama, Svādhyāya, Dama, Satya, Brahmacarya, and Service (व्रत-नियम-स्वाध्याय-दम-सत्य-ब्रह्मचर्य-शुश्रूषा-फलप्रश्नः)

नाचिकेत कहता है--वैवस्वत यमकी बात सुनकर मैंने पुनः उनसे पूछा--“भगवन्‌! यदि अभाववश गोदान न किया जा सके तो गोदान करनेवालोंको ही मिलनेवाले लोकोंमें मनुष्य कैसे जा सकता है?” ।।

Nāciketa uvāca—Vaivasvata-Yamasya vākyam śrutvā punar aham enam apṛccham: “Bhagavan! yadi abhāvavaśād go-dānaṁ na kartum śakyate, tarhi go-dāna-kartṝṇāṁ ye lokāḥ, teṣu manuṣyaḥ kathaṁ gacchet?” || tato ’bravīd Yamo dhīmān go-pradāna-parāṁ gatim | go-pradānānukalpaṁ tu gāmṛte santi go-pradāḥ ||

Naciketas berkata: Setelah mendengar sabda Vaivasvata Yama, aku bertanya lagi, “Wahai Bhagavan, bila karena kekurangan seseorang tak mampu melakukan go-dāna, bagaimana ia dapat mencapai dunia-dunia yang dicapai para pemberi sapi?” Maka Yama yang bijaksana menjelaskan jalan tertinggi kebajikan terkait pemberian sapi, dan juga menerangkan suatu bentuk pemberian pengganti (anukalpa) yang memberi buah setara—sehingga, meski tanpa sapi, orang dapat disebut ‘pemberi sapi’ melalui sedekah pengganti itu.

ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
अब्रवीत्said/spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (Lan), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
यमःYama
यमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयम
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
धीमान्wise
धीमान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधीमत्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
गोप्रदानपराम्devoted/leading to cow-gift (go-pradāna)
गोप्रदानपराम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootगोप्रदानपरा
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
गतिम्path/goal/state
गतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगति
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
गोप्रदानानुकल्पम्equivalent to cow-gift
गोप्रदानानुकल्पम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootगोप्रदानानुकल्प
Formneuter, accusative, singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
गाम्a cow
गाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगो
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
ऋतेwithout/except
ऋते:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootऋते
सन्तिare/exist
सन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent (Lat), 3, plural, Parasmaipada
गोप्रदाःgivers of cows (cow-donors)
गोप्रदाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगोप्रद
Formmasculine, nominative, plural

नाचिकेत उवाच

नाचिकेत (Nāciketa)
वैवस्वत यम (Vaivasvata Yama)
गोदान (gift of a cow)
लोक (realms attained by merit)

Educational Q&A

Yama teaches that the merit of an ideal gift (like cow-donation) can be approached through a sanctioned equivalent (anukalpa) when one lacks the means—so dharma remains practicable without excluding the poor.

Naciketa asks Yama how someone unable to give a cow can still attain the same meritorious realms as cow-givers. Yama responds by outlining the ‘cow-gift path’ and introducing substitute gifts that confer comparable spiritual results.