Devi Upanishad: Verse 26
यस्याः स्वरूपं ब्रह्मादयो न जानन्ति तस्मादुच्यतेऽज्ञेया । यस्या अन्तो न विद्यते तस्मादुच्यतेऽनन्ता । यस्या ग्रहणं नोपलभ्यते तस्मादुच्यतेऽलक्ष्या । यस्या जननं नोपलभ्यते तस्मादुच्यतेऽजा । एकैव सर्वत्र वर्तते तस्मादुच्यत एका । एकैव विश्वरूपिणी तस्मादुच्यते नैका । अत एवोच्यतेऽज्ञेयानन्तालक्ष्याजैका नैकेति ॥२६॥
यस्याः । स्वरूपम् । ब्रह्म-आदयः । न । जानन्ति । तस्मात् । उच्यते । अज्ञेया ।
यस्याः । अन्तः । न । विद्यते । तस्मात् । उच्यते । अनन्ता ।
यस्याः । ग्रहणम् । न । उपलभ्यते । तस्मात् । उच्यते । अलक्ष्या ।
यस्याः । जननम् । न । उपलभ्यते । तस्मात् । उच्यते । अजा ।
एका । एव । सर्वत्र । वर्तते । तस्मात् । उच्यते । एका ।
एका । एव । विश्व-रूपिणी । तस्मात् । उच्यते । न-एका ।
अतः । एव । उच्यते । अज्ञेया-अनन्ता-अलक्ष्या-अजा-एका-न-एका । इति ।
yasyāḥ svarūpaṃ brahmādayo na jānanti tasmāducyate'jñeyā | yasyā antaḥ na vidyate tasmāducyate'nantā | yasyā grahaṇaṃ nopalabhyate tasmāducyate'lakṣyā | yasyā jananaṃ nopalabhyate tasmāducyate'ajā | ekaiva sarvatra vartate tasmāducyata ekā | ekaiva viśvarūpiṇī tasmāducyate naikā | ata evocyate'jñeyānantālakṣyājāikā naiketi ||26||
ब्रह्मा और दूसरे देवता भी उसका असली रूप नहीं जानते। इसलिए उसे अज्ञेय कहते हैं, मतलब जो समझ में न आए। उसका कोई अंत नहीं मिलता, इसलिए उसे अनंत कहते हैं। उसे पकड़ में नहीं आता, इसलिए अलक्ष्य कहते हैं। उसका जनम नहीं दिखता, इसलिए अजा कहते हैं। वो अकेली हर जगह है, इसलिए एका कहते हैं। वो अकेली ही पूरा विश्व है, इसलिए नैका कहते हैं। इसलिए उसे अज्ञेय, अनंत, अलक्ष्य, अजा, एका और नैका कहते हैं।
Because even Brahmā and the others do not know her essential nature, she is therefore called ‘unknowable’. Because her end is not found, she is therefore called ‘endless’. Because her apprehension is not obtained, she is therefore called ‘unperceivable’. Because her birth is not obtained, she is therefore called ‘unborn’. Because she alone exists everywhere, she is therefore called ‘one’. Because she alone is of the form of the universe, she is therefore called ‘not-one’. Therefore she is spoken of as: unknowable, endless, unperceivable, unborn, one, and not-one.
- tasmāducyate'jñeyā = tasmāt + ucyate + ajñeyā
- ucyate'nantā = ucyate + anantā
- grahaṇaṃ nopalabhyate = grahaṇam + na + upalabhyate
- ucyate'lakṣyā = ucyate + alakṣyā
- jananaṃ nopalabhyate = jananam + na + upalabhyate
- ucyate'ajā = ucyate + ajā
- ucyata ekā = ucyate + ekā (final e before vowel)
- evocyate'jñeyānantālakṣyājāikā = eva + ucyate + ajñeyā + anantā + alakṣyā + ajā + ekā (sandhi/compound concatenation)
- naiketi = na + ekā + iti
About this Verse
- Central concept
- Nirguṇa Brahman; apophatic theology (neti-neti); non-duality with apparent multiplicity (māyā/śakti)
- The mahavakyas
- Closest to ‘prajñānam brahma’ and ‘aham brahmāsmi’ in implication: the ultimate is beyond objectification (ajñeyā) yet is the all-pervading reality; also resonates with ‘ekam… bahudhā’ style non-dual teaching (one appearing as many).
- Veda
- Atharva
- Shakha
- Atharva-veda (Śaunaka tradition; Śākta Upaniṣad corpus)
- Chandas
- Prose (gadya)
Yoga and practice
Nididhyāsana on the ungraspable witness (sākṣin) beyond sensory and conceptual capture; practice of neti-neti to loosen identification with forms; contemplation of unity-in-diversity to stabilize non-dual awareness amid perception.
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