Rig Veda 5.55.5: Mandala 5, Sukta 55, Mantra 5
Sukta 5.55
Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition)
Devata: Maruts
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
उदीरयथा मरुतः समुद्रतो यूयं वृष्टिं वर्षयथा पुरीषिणः । न वो दस्रा उप दस्यन्ति धेनवः शुभं यातामनु रथा अवृत्सत ॥
Transliteration
udī́rayathā marutaḥ samudrató yūyáṃ vṛṣṭíṃ varṣayathā purī́ṣiṇaḥ | ná vo dasrā́ úpa dasyanti dhenávaḥ śúbhaṃ yātām ánu rathā́ avṛtsata ||
Translation
मरुत समुंदर से पानी उठा लाते हैं। वो बारिश बरसाते हैं, उनके पास बहुत कुछ है। उनकी नदियाँ कभी सूखी नहीं होती। उनकी रथ अच्छी रास्ते पर चले।
Word by Word
उदीरयथाyou (two) raise up / set in motion
उदीरयथा:
Kriyā (मुख्य क्रिया) / Kartṛ-kriyā with implied subject ‘you two/you (Maruts)’
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-ईरय् (caus. of √ईर्/√इर् ‘to set in motion, raise’)
मरुतःO Maruts / the Maruts
मरुतः:
Kartā (vocative-like address; syntactically subject/apposition to ‘you’)
TypeNoun
Rootमरुत् (prātipadika)
समुद्रतःfrom the sea
समुद्रतः:
Apādāna
TypeNoun
Rootसमुद्र (prātipadika)
यूयम्you (pl.)
यूयम्:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (pronoun)
वृष्टिम्rain
वृष्टिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृष्टि (prātipadika)
वर्षयथाyou (two) cause to rain / make rain fall
वर्षयथा:
Kriyā (मुख्य क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√वृष् ‘to rain’ → caus. वर्षय्
पुरीषिणःrich in moisture/strength (O Maruts)
पुरीषिणः:
Viśeṣaṇa of मरुतः / (Kartā-apposition)
TypeAdjective
Rootपुरीषिन् (adj. ‘abounding in moisture/strength; rich, fat’)
नnot
न:
(negation particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
वःof you / your
वः:
Sambandha (possessor/related-to)
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (enclitic pronoun)
दस्राःwondrous/skillful ones
दस्राः:
Kartā (with धेनवः as apposition/subject-group)
TypeAdjective
Rootदस्र (adj. ‘wondrous, able, skillful’)
उपnear; towards
उप:
(directional/approach modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउप
दस्यन्तिthey fail / are not lacking? (context: ‘do not fail you’ / ‘do not fall short’)
दस्यन्ति:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Root√दस्/दस्य् (Vedic: ‘to fail, be wanting; to be hostile/deficient’)
धेनवःcows; milch-cows
धेनवः:
Kartā (subject of दस्यन्ति)
TypeNoun
Rootधेनु (prātipadika)
शुभम्auspiciously; splendour/beauty
शुभम्:
Karma / or Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (adverbial accusative)
TypeNoun
Rootशुभ (n. ‘splendour, beauty, auspiciousness’)
याताम्let the two go / may the two come
याताम्:
Kriyā (injunctive/benedictive command)
TypeVerb
Root√या ‘to go’
अनुalong; after
अनु:
(path/sequence modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअनु
रथाःchariots
रथाः:
Kartā (subject of अवृत्सत)
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (prātipadika)
अवृत्सतthey rolled/turned; they set forth (moved)
अवृत्सत:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Root√वृत् ‘to turn, roll, move’ (Vedic aorist formation)
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