Rig Veda 1.31.7: Mandala 1, Sukta 31, Mantra 7

Sukta 1.31

Rishi

Hiraṇyastūpa Āṅgirasa

Devata

Agni

Chandas

Triṣṭubh

Rasa

Adbhuta (wonder) and Shanta (peace)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

त्वं तमग्ने अमृतत्व उत्तमे मर्तं दधासि श्रवसे दिवेदिवे । यस्तातृषाण उभयाय जन्मने मयः कृणोषि प्रय आ च सूरये ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 1.31.7

Transliteration

tváṃ tám agne amṛta-tvá uttamé mártaṃ dadhāsi śrávase divé-dive | yás tātṛṣāṇá ubháyāya jánmane máyaḥ kṛṇóṣi práya ā́ ca sū́raye ||

Translation

अग्नि, तुम उस इंसान को अमर बना देते हो, सबसे ऊपर। उसकी बड़ाई रोज़ बढ़ती है। जो इंसान दोनों जन्मों के लिए मेहनत करता है, तुम उसको खुश रखते हो। तुम उसको खाना देते हो और आगे बढ़ाते हो जो सच में काम करता है।

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Word by Word

त्वम्

youPronoun · पुं/स्त्री/नपुं; प्रथमा; एकवचनRole कर्तृ · Root युष्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)

तम्

himPronoun · पुं; द्वितीया; एकवचनRole कर्म · Root तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

अग्ने

O AgniNoun (vocative) · पुं; संबोधन; एकवचनRole सम्बोधन · Root अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

अमृतत्वे

in immortalityNoun · नपुं; सप्तमी; एकवचनRole अधिकरण · Root अमृतत्व (प्रातिपदिक) < अमृत + त्व

उत्तमे

highestAdjective · नपुं; सप्तमी; एकवचन (अमृतत्वे इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)Role अधिकरण · Root उत्तम (प्रातिपदिक; superlative of उद्/उपरि)

मर्तम्

a mortalNoun · पुं; द्वितीया; एकवचनRole कर्म · Root मर्त (प्रातिपदिक) < √मृ (to die)

दधासि

you place / establishVerb · लट् (वर्तमान); परस्मैपद; मध्यमपुरुष; एकवचनRole क्रिया · Root √धा (दधाति)

श्रवसे

for fameNoun · नपुं; चतुर्थी; एकवचनRole सम्प्रदान · Root श्रवस् (प्रातिपदिक) < √श्रु

दिवे

for the dayNoun · स्त्री; चतुर्थी; एकवचनRole सम्प्रदान · Root दिव् (प्रातिपदिक)

दिवे

for the day (each day)Noun · स्त्री; चतुर्थी; एकवचन (पुनरुक्तिः: ‘day by day’)Role सम्प्रदान · Root दिव् (प्रातिपदिक)

यः

whoRelative pronoun · पुं; प्रथमा; एकवचनRole कर्तृ · Root यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

तातृषाणः

thirsting / eagerly desiringParticiple (adjectival) · पुं; प्रथमा; एकवचन (यः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)Role कर्तृ · Root √तृष् (to thirst) → तातृषाण (परिपूर्ण/तीव्र-अर्थक; Vedic intensive/perfect-participial formation)

उभयाय

for bothAdjective used substantively · नपुं; चतुर्थी; एकवचनRole सम्प्रदान · Root उभय (प्रातिपदिक)

जन्मने

for birth / for the state of being bornNoun · नपुं; चतुर्थी; एकवचनRole सम्प्रदान · Root जन्मन् (प्रातिपदिक) < √जन्

मयः

joy / delight / welfareNoun · नपुं; द्वितीया; एकवचनRole कर्म · Root मयस् (प्रातिपदिक)

कृणोषि

you makeVerb · लट् (वर्तमान); परस्मैपद; मध्यमपुरुष; एकवचनRole क्रिया · Root √कृ (कृणोति; Vedic present)

प्रये

for forward drive / for advanceNoun · पुं; चतुर्थी; एकवचनRole सम्प्रदान · Root प्रय (प्रातिपदिक; ‘advance, onset, expedition, impulse’)

आ

towards, untoIndeclinable (preverb/particle)Root आ (उपसर्ग/निपात)

च

andIndeclinableRoot च (निपात)

सूरये

for the patron (sūri)Noun · पुं; चतुर्थी; एकवचनRole सम्प्रदान · Root सूरि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘patron, lord, benefactor’)

Sandhi Notes

• पदच्छेदः (sandhi-resolved): त्वम् | तम् | अग्ने | अमृतत्वे | उत्तमे | मर्तम् | दधासि | श्रवसे | दिवे | दिवे | यः | तातृषाणः | उभयाय | जन्मने | मयः | कृणोषि | प्रये | आ | च | सूरये । मुख्य-सन्धयः: (1) अमृतत्व उ॑त्तमे → अमृतत्वे उत्तमे (सप्तमी एकवचन ‘अमृतत्वे’ + विशेषण ‘उत्तमे’)
• (2) दिवेदिवे → दिवे दिवे (पुनरुक्त-द्विवचनार्थक प्रयोगः ‘day by day’)
• (3) यस्ता॑तृषा॒ण → यः तातृषाणः (विसर्ग-सन्धिः: यः + त…; संहितायां ‘यस्-’)
• (4) उभया॑य॒ जन्म॑ने → उभयाय जन्मने (सन्धि-रूपेण संहितापाठः)
• (5) प्रय॒ आ च॑ → प्रये आ च (चतुर्थी ‘प्रये’ + अव्यय ‘आ’)

The meaning

Outer meaning

Agni places that mortal in the highest immortality for glory day by day. For the one who strives for both births, Agni makes joy and brings forward nourishment and progress for the illumined worker.

Inner meaning

Agni lifts the mortal consciousness into ‘uttama amṛtatva’—a highest deathless status: not mere longevity, but participation in the immortal plane of truth-consciousness. ‘Śravas’ becomes inner renown: the shining hearing/receiving of the Truth day by day (dive-dive), a progressive illumination. The seeker who is tātṛṣāṇa—ardently striving—aims at ‘both births’ (ubhayāya janmane): the human birth in nature and the divine birth in spirit (a second birth into higher consciousness). To such a worker (sūraye: illumined doer), Agni gives mayaḥ (gladness/beatitude) and prayaḥ (nourishing increase, right forward movement), i.e., steady growth of force, food of the gods, and the advance of the journey.

Universal truth

Sincere aspiration sustained daily can transform mortal limitation into participation in a higher, more enduring consciousness; joy and progress arise as natural results of inner alignment and perseverance.

Themes

mortal to immortality, aspiration and double birth, joy and nourishment, illumined worker (sūri)

The seer

Rishi

Hiraṇyastūpa Āṅgirasa

Lineage

Āṅgirasa

Other hymns

Rig Veda 1.31.1, Rig Veda 1.31.2, Rig Veda 1.31.3, Rig Veda 1.31.4, Rig Veda 1.31.5, Rig Veda 1.31.6, Rig Veda 1.31.8, Rig Veda 1.31.9, Rig Veda 1.31.10

Family tradition

Āṅgirasa hymns frequently emphasize transformation through Agni—kindling, ascent, and the winning of light and immortality as psychological realizations.

Significance

The seer’s vision here is evolutionary: immortality is not a remote heaven but a realized status of consciousness, won through steady tapas and right offering.

The deity

Devata

Agni

Epithets

amṛtatva-dātā (giver of immortality, implied), sūraye-prayāḥ-kartā (bringer of nourishment to the illumined worker, implied)

Related deities

Soma (delight), Indra (illumined mind), Uṣas (awakening)

Cosmic role

Agni as the divine priest who elevates the human to the immortal plane; he converts offering into growth and delight.

Inner power

Transformative will that bestows rebirth, sustained joy (ānanda), and progressive increase (prayaḥ).

In ritual

Where it is used

Agni praise in daily fire-maintenance and in Soma-related sequences (general Agni stotra usage)

Accents and Padapatha

Chandas Analysis

Key Symbols

Ritual Application

Etymology

Philosophical Concepts

Vedic Cosmology

Natural Symbolism

Academic Analysis

Yogic Application

Chanting Notes