दोहा 29
यह सोपान ‘धर्म-राज्य’ के द्वार पर ‘मोह-राज्य’ की परीक्षा है: जहाँ रामराज्य का उत्सव (सगुण-लीला) भीतर ही भीतर काम–क्रोध–कपट की आँधी से टकराता है। साधक के लिए यह चरण बताता है कि मुक्ति का मार्ग केवल बाह्य शुभ-घटना नहीं, बल्कि मन के ‘कोपभवन’ में उठती वासनाओं का विवेकपूर्वक निराकरण है।
कवनें अवसर का भयउ गयउँ नारि बिस्वास।जोग सिद्धि फल समय जिमि जतिहि अबिद्या नास।।29।।
kavaneṁ avasara kā bhayau gayaũ nāri bisvāsa |joga siddhi phala samaya jimi jatihi abidyā nāsa ||29||
क्या वक्त आया और क्या हो गया। एक औरत पर भरोसा करके मैं बरबाद हो गया। जैसे कोई साधू सालों से तपस्या करता है, और जब उसकी योग की सिद्धि का फल लेने वाला होता है, तभी उसका अग्यान सब कुछ बरबाद कर देता है।
Speaker
Dasharatha (inner lament, spoken in his own mind)
Listener
Himself (self-address)
Karuna (with Vipralambha undertone, since the king is about to be parted from Rama)
Kaikeyi has just asked for Bharata's anointing and Rama's fourteen years of forest exile, and the stricken king reflects inwardly. He sees his trust in his wife as the ruin that has struck him at the very moment his hopes were about to bear fruit.
The verse warns that trust given without discernment, even within the closest bonds, can wreck a ruler's dharma and his household, and that a king's private weakness becomes the kingdom's sorrow. It also shows that a ruler is most exposed to failure at the moment of apparent success, and so must stay vigilant.
The yogi's siddhi stands for the hard, inward path toward the formless, and its fruit is lost to avidya. Dasharatha's anguish is a householder's grief at the threatened loss of the manifest, embodied Rama, the fruit of his own long waiting. The verse thus sets the fragility of the path of effort beside the dearness of the visible Lord.
Dasharatha, stunned by Kaikeyi's second boon, cries inwardly: what a moment this is, and what has befallen him. He says that trusting a woman has undone him, and he compares himself to a yogi who has nearly reached the fruit of his discipline when ignorance destroys it. The commentators read the king's words as the grief of a man whose fulfilment, the sight of Rama enthroned, is torn away at the last moment. The simile also teaches that the highest attainment stays at risk until it is truly secured, and that misplaced trust can bring down a righteous man.
Doha (13/11 matra pattern per line): kavanen avasar ka bhayu (13) | gayun nari bisvas (11); joga siddhi phala samaya jimi (13) | jatihi abidya nasa (11). The line ends rhyme on bisvas and nasa.
Purnopama (complete simile): 'जिमि' links the king's ruin to the yogi whose siddhi is undone by avidya. Drishtanta (illustration by example): the yogi's loss is offered as proof of the king's own. Vismaya or exclamation: 'कवनें अवसर का भयउ'. Anuprasa (alliteration): repeated 'स' and 'ज' sounds in 'सिद्धि', 'समय', 'जोग', 'जिमि', 'जतिहि'. Vyatireka-like contrast of the moment of fruition against the moment of loss.
The simile of the yogi whom avidya destroys just as his siddhi ripens fits the Vishishtadvaita view that bondage comes from ignorance, which the soul cannot overcome by its own effort. Tulsidas shows Dasharatha's fall as the work of delusion and misplaced trust (bisvas) and not of any lack of love for Rama.
Raga Darbari Kanada or Bhairavi, whose slow, grave and plaintive phrases suit the king's stunned self-reproach.
कवनें | अवसर | का | भयउ | गयउँ | नारि | बिस्वास |
जोग | सिद्धि | फल | समय | जिमि | जतिहि | अबिद्या | नास ||
दशरथ पछताते हैं कि उन्होंने नारी (कैकेयी) पर विश्वास किया और उसी के कारण वे बर्बाद हो गए। वे कहते हैं कि यह कैसा समय है और यह क्या हो गया। यह भाव उनके मन के भीतर की व्यथा है।
जैसे योग की सिद्धि का फल पकने के समय ही अविद्या योगी का नाश कर देती है, वैसे ही राम के राज्याभिषेक की आशा के फलने के क्षण में दशरथ पर विपत्ति आई। उपमा दिखाती है कि सफलता के निकट पहुँचकर भी पतन संभव है। इसका वाचक शब्द 'जिमि' है।
यह दोहा है, जिसकी हर पंक्ति में 13 और 11 मात्राओं के दो चरण होते हैं। पहली पंक्ति में 'कवनें अवसर का भयउ' (13) और 'गयउँ नारि बिस्वास' (11) हैं। अंत में 'बिस्वास' और 'नास' की तुक मिलती है।
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