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Valmiki Ramayana 2.119.3-4: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 119, Shlokas 3-4

अनसूयाप्रीतिदानम् · Anasūyā’s Blessing and the Forest Path

रविरस्तङ्गतश्श्रीमानुपोह्य रजनीं शिवाम् ॥३॥

दिवसं प्रतिकीर्णानामाहारार्थं पतत्रिणाम् ।

सन्ध्याकाले निलीनानां निद्रार्थं श्रूयते ध्वनिः ॥४॥

Recitation with translationValmiki Ramayana 2.119.3-4

ravir astaṅgataḥ śrīmān upohya rajanīṃ śivām ||3||

divasaṃ pratikīrṇānām āhārārthaṃ patatriṇām |

sandhyākāle nilīnānāṃ nidrārthaṃ śrūyate dhvaniḥ ||4||

सूरज डूब गया है और रात आ रही है। दिन भर चिड़िया खाना ढूंढती फिरती थी, अब शाम को आके सो जाती हैं। उनकी आवाज़ें सुनाई देती हैं।

vyakta-akṣara-padamwith clear syllables and words
vyakta-akṣara-padam:
Karma (कर्म) (qualifier of speech)
TypeAdjective
Rootvyakta (प्रातिपदिक) + akṣara (प्रातिपदिक) + pada (प्रातिपदिक)
FormCompound (तत्पुरुष): vyaktāni akṣarāṇi padāni ca yasmin (intended: ‘with clear syllables and words’); Neuter, Nominative/Accusative (प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular; qualifying bhāṣitam
citramwonderful
citram:
Karma (कर्म) (qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootcitra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; qualifying bhāṣitam
bhāṣitamspoken
bhāṣitam:
Kriya (क्रिया) (result-state predicate)
TypeVerb
Root√bhāṣ (भाष्) (धातु) + kta (क्त)
FormKta-participle, Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; ‘spoken’
madhuramsweet
madhuram:
Karma (कर्म) (qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootmadhura (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; qualifying bhāṣitam
tvayāby you
tvayā:
Karana (करण) (agent in passive)
TypeNoun
Rootyuṣmad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Instrumental (तृतीया), Singular
yathāas/how
yathā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
FormComparative/relative adverb (यथा-अव्यय)
svayaṃvaramthe svayaṃvara
svayaṃvaram:
Karma (कर्म) (object of implied ‘described’)
TypeNoun
Rootsvayaṃvara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular
vṛttamhappened
vṛttam:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vṛt (वृत्) (धातु) + kta (क्त)
FormKta-participle, Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; ‘happened/occurred’
tatthat
tat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun used adjectivally, Neuter, Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular; with sarvam
sarvamall
sarvam:
Karma (कर्म) (object of śrutam)
TypeAdjective
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (निपात)
śrutamheard
śrutam:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√śru (श्रु) (धातु) + kta (क्त)
FormKta-participle, Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; passive predicate ‘heard’
mayāby me
mayā:
Karana (करण) (agent in passive)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Instrumental (तृतीया), Singular
rameI delight
rame:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√ram (रम्) (धातु)
FormLaṭ (लट्, present), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 1st person, Singular
ahamI
aham:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular
kathayāby/with the story
kathayā:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkathā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Instrumental (तृतीया), Singular
teyour
te:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootyuṣmad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Genitive (षष्ठी), Singular
tuindeed
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात)
dṛḍhamgreatly/firmly
dṛḍham:
Kriya-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootdṛḍha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAdverbial accusative (क्रियाविशेषणरूपेण द्वितीया), ‘firmly/greatly’
madhura-bhāṣiṇiO sweet-speaking lady
madhura-bhāṣiṇi:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootmadhura (प्रातिपदिक) + bhāṣin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormKarmadhāraya (कर्मधारय): ‘sweet-speaking’; Feminine, Vocative (सम्बोधन), Singular

The resplendent Sun has set. The auspcious night is drawing near. The birds who forage far and wide for food during the day return to their nests to rest for the night. You can hear them twittering.

S
Sun (Ravi)
N
Night (Rajanī)
B
Birds (Patatrin)

FAQs

Dharma is alignment with ṛta (cosmic order): recognizing the proper time for rest and restraint, and living attentively within nature’s rhythms.

The scene marks the transition to evening in the forest, describing how creatures return to rest, setting the mood for the hermitage environment.

Mindful observation and self-discipline—qualities needed for dhārmic life in exile, where one lives simply and in harmony with time and place.

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