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Atharva Veda 8.3.9: Kanda 8, Anuvaka 1, Sukta 3, Mantra 9

Sukta 3

ती॒क्ष्णेना॑ग्ने॒ चक्षु॑षा रक्ष य॒ज्ञं प्राञ्चं॒ वसु॑भ्यः॒ प्र ण॑य प्रचेतः । हिं॒स्रं रक्षां॑स्य॒भि शोशु॑चानं॒ मा त्वा॑ दभन् यातु॒धाना॑ नृचक्षः

Recitation with translationAtharva Veda 8.3.9

tīkṣṇénāgne cákṣuṣā rakṣa yajñáṃ prā́ñcaṃ vásubhyaḥ prá ṇaya pracetaḥ | hiṃsráṃ rákṣāṃsy abhí śóśucānaṃ mā́ tvā dabhann yātudhā́nā nṛcákṣaḥ ||

With sharp-eyed vision, O Agni, guard the sacrifice, and lead it forward unto the Vasus, O thou of forethought. Blazing against the injurious Rākṣasas, let not the Yātudhānas circumvent thee, O man-discerning.

अग्निजी, अपनी तेज़ नज़र से यह यज्ञ की रक्षा करो। इसको आगे ले जाओ, वसु भगवान के पास। तुम जो सोच समझ के चलते हो। जिन्हें किसी को तकलीफ देने की आदत है, उनके खिलाफ चमक के खड़े हो जाओ। यह यातुधान लोग तुम्हे धोखा ना दें, तुम इंसान को पहचानने वाले हो।

What it says

Agni is asked to guard the yajña with sharp vision, lead it forward to the Vasus; blazing against injurious rākṣasas, may yātudhānas not circumvent him, O man-discerning.

The inner meaning

‘Sharp-eyed’ vigilance protects one’s core commitments (yajña = meaningful practice). The verse trains sustained attention and forward movement despite interference—burning away distractions and hostile impulses.

The truth in it

Any constructive undertaking needs guardianship: clear perception, steady leadership, and the courage to confront harmful influences without being outmaneuvered.

Kind of hymn
Rakshoghna (Protective/Exorcistic within sacrificial setting)

Its aim

Safeguard the yajña from rākṣasas/yātudhānas; ensure successful conveyance of offerings to the Vasus

Pada patha

तीक्ष्णेन । अग्ने । चक्षुषा । रक्ष । यज्ञम् । प्राञ्चम् । वसुभ्यः । प्र । नय । प्रचेतः । हिंस्रम् । रक्षांसि । अभि । शोशुचानम् । मा । त्वा । दभन् । यातुधानाः । नृचक्षः ।

तीक्ष्णेन
with sharp (keen)with sharp (piercing) (sight/force; weaponized perception)Adjectiveनपुंसकलिङ्गे तृतीया-एकवचनम् (चक्षुषा इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)Role KaraṇaRoot तीक्ष्ण- (प्रातिपदिक)
अग्ने
O AgniNounपुंलिङ्गे सम्बोधन-एकवचनम्Role सम्बोधनRoot अग्नि- (प्रातिपदिक)
चक्षुषा
with (your) eye / sightwith (thy) eye; with vigilant sight (protective surveillance)Nounनपुंसकलिङ्गे तृतीया-एकवचनम्Role KaraṇaRoot चक्षुस्- (प्रातिपदिक)
रक्ष
protectprotect, guard (apotropaic warding)Verbलोट् (आज्ञार्थे) मध्यमपुरुषः एकवचनम् परस्मैपदम्Role क्रियाRoot रक्ष्
यज्ञम्
the sacrificethe sacrifice/rite (the vulnerable ritual process)Nounपुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्Role KarmaRoot यज्ञ- (प्रातिपदिक)
प्राञ्चम्
forward-facing / proceeding onwardforward-going, facing east; proceeding rightly (unobstructed progress)Adjectiveपुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम् (यज्ञम् इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)Role KarmaRoot प्राञ्च्/प्राञ्च- (प्रातिपदिक)
वसुभ्यः
for the VasusNounपुंलिङ्गे चतुर्थी-बहुवचनम्Role SampradānaRoot वसु- (प्रातिपदिक)
प्र
forth, forwardforth, onward (impulsion of the rite)Indeclinableउपसर्ग/निपातRole क्रियाविशेषणम्Root प्र
नय
leadVerbलोट् (आज्ञार्थे) मध्यमपुरुषः एकवचनम् परस्मैपदम्Role क्रियाRoot नी
प्रचेतः
O far-seeing / wise oneO foreknowing, wise (Agni as intelligent director)Adjective (used as vocative epithet)(सम्बोधनार्थे) प्रचेतस्-शब्दः; रूपम्: प्रचेतः (सम्बोधन-एकवचनवत् प्रयोगः)Role सम्बोधनRoot प्रचेतस्- (प्रातिपदिक)
हिंस्रम्
harmful, violentinjurious, violent (harm-bringing)Adjectiveनपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम् (रक्षांसि इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)Role KarmaRoot हिंस्र- (प्रातिपदिक)
रक्षांसि
demons / harmful spiritsrākṣasas/hostile spirits (obstructors, devourers of offerings)Nounनपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-बहुवचनम्Role KarmaRoot रक्षस्- (प्रातिपदिक)
अभि
against, towardsagainst, upon (directed hostility)Indeclinableउपसर्ग/निपातRole क्रियाविशेषणम्Root अभि
शोशुचानम्
burning, blazing (fiercely)blazing, fiercely burning (Agni’s aggressive flaming against foes)Participle (Adjectival) / Kṛdantaवर्तमानकाले शानच्-प्रत्ययान्तः (आत्मनेपदीय-प्रयोगः), नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम् (रक्षांसि इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)Role KarmaRoot शुच् (धातु) → शोशुचान- (कृदन्त, तीव्र/पुनरुक्त-प्रकारः)
मा
do notlest, do not (prohibitive; warding formula)Indeclinableनिषेध (लोट्/विधिलिङ्-सम्बन्धः)Role निषेधकRoot मा
त्वा
youthee (Agni himself as target of hostile deception)Pronounद्वितीया-एकवचनम्Role KarmaRoot त्वद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
दभन्
may (they) harm / deceivedeceive, injure, overpower (to outwit or harm by guile)Verbलङ् (अनद्यतनभूत) तृतीयपुरुषः बहुवचनम् परस्मैपदम्Role क्रियाRoot दभ्
यातुधानाः
sorcerers / demon-wizards (Yātudhānas)the yātudhānas (plural: demonic sorcerers/witches)Nounपुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्Role KartāRoot यातुधान- (प्रातिपदिक)
नृचक्षः
O man-seeing / watcher of menO man-discerning (Agni who sees through human disguise)Adjective (epithet)पुंलिङ्गे सम्बोधन-एकवचनम् (अग्ने इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)Role सम्बोधनRoot नृ- + चक्षस्- (समास-प्रातिपदिक: नृचक्षस्)
  • (1) तीक्ष्णेन + अग्ने → तीक्ष्णेनाग्ने (स्वर-सन्धिः/सवर्णदीर्घः).
  • (2) अग्ने चक्षुषा इति पदच्छेदः
  • उपसर्ग ‘प्र’ + लोट् ‘नय’ (नी-धातोः).
  • (5) हिंस्रं रक्षांसि: ‘हिंस्रम्’ नपुंसक-एकवचनं विशेषणरूपेण ‘रक्षांसि’ (नपुंसक-बहुवचन) सह—वैदिके विशेषणस्य एकवचन-प्रयोगः सम्भवति.
  • (6) अभि शोशुचानम्: ‘अभि’ उपसर्ग/निपातः
  • ‘शोशुचानम्’ शुच्-धातोः पुनरुक्त-प्रकारेण तीव्रार्थकं वर्तमान-शानच् कृदन्तम्.
  • (7) मा त्वा दभन्: ‘मा’ निषेधः
  • ‘दभन्’ लङ् 3pl
  • अर्थतः ‘मा … दभन्’ = ‘न … हन्युः/दभेयुः’ (वैदिक-निषेध-प्रयोगः).
  • (8) यातुधानाः नृचक्षः: ‘यातुधानाः’ कर्तृपदम्
  • ‘नृचक्षः’ सम्बोधन-विशेषणम् अग्नेः
Rishi
Atharvanic/Āṅgirasa tradition (per Anukramaṇī-dependent assignment)
Devata
Agni (as protector and leader of sacrifice)
Chandas
Triṣṭubh (probable; confirm in critical edition)
Rasa
Vira and Raudra

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