Arthashastra 3.17.7: Dharmasthiya, Adhyaya 17, Sutra 7

Devanagari script

कालायसकाष्ठरज्जुद्रव्यक्षुद्रपशुपटादीनां स्थूलकद्रव्याणां चतुर्विंशतिपणावरोऽष्टचत्वारिंशत्पणपरो दण्डः ॥

Recitation with translationArthashastra 3.17.7

Transliteration

kālāyasakāṣṭharajjudravyakṣudrapaśupaṭādīnāṃ sthūlakadravyāṇāṃ caturviṃśatipaṇāvaro'ṣṭacatvāriṃśatpaṇaparo daṇḍaḥ

Translation

बड़ी चीज़ें जैसे लोहा, लकड़ी, रस्सी, माल, छोटे जानवर, कपड़ा, इन सब के लिए जुर्माना 24 पण से 48 पण तक होता है।

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Word by Word

• कालायस: iron
• Type: Noun
• Root: कालायस
• Form: n. sg. gen. (षष्ठी एकवचन) — in a genitive list governed by दण्डः (penalty)

• काष्ठ: wood, timber
• Type: Noun
• Root: काष्ठ
• Form: n. sg. gen. (षष्ठी एकवचन) — member of genitive list

• रज्जु: rope
• Type: Noun
• Root: रज्जु
• Form: f. sg. gen. (षष्ठी एकवचन) — member of genitive list

• द्रव्य: goods, articles, commodities
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रव्य
• Form: n. pl. gen. (षष्ठी बहुवचन) — with following adjectives (क्षुद्र-, स्थूलक-) qualifying; ‘of goods/articles’

• क्षुद्र: small, petty, low-value
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्षुद्र
• Form: n. pl. gen. (षष्ठी बहुवचन) — agreeing with द्रव्याणाम; ‘small/low-value’

• पशु: cattle/animals, livestock
• Type: Noun
• Root: पशु
• Form: m. pl. gen. (षष्ठी बहुवचन) — member of genitive list

• पट: cloth, fabric
• Type: Noun
• Root: पट
• Form: m. pl. gen. (षष्ठी बहुवचन) — member of genitive list

• आदीनाम्: and so on, etc.
• Type: Particle
• Root: आदि
• Form: indeclinable used with gen. pl. ending by convention: ‘and the like (etc.)’ referring back to the list

• स्थूलक: bulky, coarse, large-sized
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्थूलक
• Form: n. pl. gen. (षष्ठी बहुवचन) — agreeing with द्रव्याणाम; ‘bulky/coarse (larger items)’

• द्रव्याणाम्: of goods/commodities
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रव्य
• Form: n. pl. gen. (षष्ठी बहुवचन) — ‘of (such) goods’; coordinated with earlier द्रव्याणाम

• चतुर्विंशतिपणावरः: with a minimum of twenty-four paṇas (as fine)
• Type: Adjective (numeral compound)
• Root: पण
• Form: m. sg. nom. (प्रथमा एकवचन) — qualifying दण्डः; ‘having a minimum of 24 paṇas’

• अष्टचत्वारिंशत्पणपरः: with a maximum of forty-eight paṇas (as fine)
• Type: Adjective (numeral compound)
• Root: पण
• Form: m. sg. nom. (प्रथमा एकवचन) — qualifying दण्डः; ‘having a maximum of 48 paṇas’

• दण्डः: the fine/penalty
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: m. sg. nom. (प्रथमा एकवचन) — main predicate nominal; ‘the penalty/fine (is)’

More Details

FAQs

Why are iron, timber, rope, and cloth treated more severely than flowers or cooked food?

They are durable, tradable inputs with higher replacement cost and greater economic impact, so the penalty band is higher (24–48 paṇas).