Rig Veda 8.28.4: Mandala 8, Sukta 28, Mantra 4
Sukta 8.28
Devata: Devas as executors of Ṛta (with emphasis on Āditya sovereignty)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यथा वशन्ति देवास्तथेदसत्तदेषां नकिरा मिनत् । अरावा चन मर्त्यः ॥
Transliteration
yáthā váśanti devā́s táthéd ásat tádeṣā́m nákir ā́ minat | arā́vā caná mártyaḥ ||
Translation
Jaise devta chahte hain, waise hi sab hota hai. Koi bhi insaan unki baat ko kam nahi kar sakta. Chahe woh kitna bhi ameer kyun na ho, koi nahi badal sakta.
Word by Word
यथाjust as, as
यथा:
Adhikaraṇa (तुलनासम्बन्धे) / वाक्यसम्बन्धक
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (avyaya)
वशन्तिthey rule / they have power / they will
वशन्ति:
(क्रिया) —
TypeVerb
Root√वश् (वशँ) ‘to will, to be in control, to rule’
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक) < √दिव् ‘to shine’
तथाso, thus
तथा:
Adhikaraṇa (प्रकारे) / वाक्यसम्बन्धक
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (avyaya)
इद्indeed, just
इद्:
— (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइद् (निपात/अव्यय; emphatic particle)
असत्the non-being; what is not (unreal/hostile)
असत्:
Kartā (यथा… तथा… असत् …) / वा विषयः
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootअसत् (प्रातिपदिक) = a- + सत् (< √अस् ‘to be’)
तत्that
तत्:
(सम्बन्ध/अनुवाद) —
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
एषाम्of these (of them)
एषाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypePronoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
नकिःno one
नकिः:
Kartā (नकिः … मिनत् = no one injures)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनकिः (निपात/सर्वनाम-अव्यय; RV usage)
आtowards; completely (as preverb)
आ:
— (उपसर्ग)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग)
मिनत्harmed, diminished
मिनत्:
(क्रिया) —
TypeVerb
Root√मि (मिनँ/मि॒न) ‘to diminish, damage, injure’
अरावa miser, niggard (one without generosity)
अराव:
Kartā (द्वितीयपादे ‘अराव … मर्त्यः’)
TypeAdjective
Rootअरावन् (प्रातिपदिक; adj.)
चनeven
चन:
— (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचन (निपात; enclitic)
मर्त्यःa mortal (man)
मर्त्यः:
Kartā (अराव … मर्त्यः = even a miserly mortal)
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त्य (प्रातिपदिक) < √मृ ‘to die’
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